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Science > Adaptations and Ecology > Flashcards

Adaptations and Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. What is an adaptation?
A
  1. An adaptation is any structure or behavior that allows an organism to survive in its environment.
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2
Q
  1. Give five ways adaptations can help an organism survive.
A
  1. help find food, help attract a mate (reproduce), hide from predators (camouflage), conserve water (needles), control body temperature (fur)
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3
Q
  1. Give three adaptations for each biome: desert, tundra, rainforest.
A
  1. desert: burrowing underground, store water, nocturnal
    tundra: white fur, layer of fat, hibernation
    rainforest: bright colors (attract a mate), camouflage (hide from predators), poison
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4
Q
  1. What is natural selection?
A
  1. Natural selection is the process in which organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
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5
Q
  1. How can natural selection lead to a change in a population over time?
A
  1. Individuals that are better adapted to their environment will pass on their traits to offspring.
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6
Q
  1. Describe some marine adaptations that allow fish to live in the water.
A
  1. long, streamlined bodies; gills to obtain oxygen from the water, fins or flippers
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7
Q
  1. What are predators and prey? Give examples of each.
A
  1. A predator is an animal that captures its food. A prey is the animal that gets captured and eaten. Predator: tiger, shark, owl, eagle. Prey: mouse, rabbit, squirrel
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8
Q
  1. What is the purpose of camouflage?
A
  1. Camouflage allows animals to hide from predators and gives them a better chance to survive and reproduce.
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9
Q
  1. What are some adaptations that allow plants to survive in their environments?
A
  1. Many desert plants have needles to conserve water. Some plants have large leaves to collect more sunlight. Trees in the taiga do not lose their leaves.
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10
Q
  1. What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
A
  1. Decomposers break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the ecosystem.
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11
Q
  1. Give examples of natural selection.
A
  1. Birds have developed beaks that allow them to eat specific types of food. Bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics.
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12
Q

See food web:

12. What would happen to the herbivore population if the number of hawks increased?

A
  1. The number of herbivores (mice and rabbits) would decrease.
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13
Q

See food web:

13. If the disease mouse-scratch fever wipes out the mouse population, what would happen to the snake population?

A
  1. They would decrease due to a lack of food.
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14
Q

See food web:

14. Which two predators compete for grasshoppers for food?

A
  1. Lizards and hawks.
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15
Q

See food web:

15. Which herbivore has two different predators that prey upon it?

A
  1. Mouse (snake and hawk).
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16
Q
  1. How do autotrophs obtain energy? heterotrophs?
A
  1. Autotrophs are organisms that are able to make their own food using energy from the Sun. Heterotrophs must consume another organism to obtain energy.
17
Q
  1. List the following in order from smallest to largest: population, ecosystem, biosphere, community, and organism
A
  1. Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
18
Q
  1. What is the primary function of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?
A
  1. Bacteria in the soil change nitrogen so that plants may use it.
19
Q
  1. Why is a pyramid used to show the flow of energy in an ecosystem?
A
  1. Less energy is available at each level of the food chain. Some of the energy is lost as heat. Only 10% is passed on to the next level.
20
Q
  1. What two life processes are used the cycle carbon throughout an ecosystem?
A
  1. Photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere. Respiration adds carbon to the atmosphere.
21
Q

Old material to review

23. What do heterozygous (hybrid) and homozygous (pure) mean?

A
  1. Heterozygous means an organism has two alleles that are different (Hh). Homozygous
    means it has two alleles that are the same (HH,hh).
22
Q

Old material to review

24. What kind of diseases can be treated with antibiotics?

A
  1. Bacterial diseases, such as strep, tetanus, and staph.
23
Q

Old material to review

25. Describe the function of each type of cell: blood, nerve, muscle, epithelial.

A
  1. Blood cells carry oxygen to the body’s cells. Nerve cells respond to stimuli. Muscle cells contract to allow the body to move. Epithelial cells cover and protect the body.
24
Q

Old material to review

26. List three differences between plant and animal cells.

A
  1. Plant cells have a cell wall, large central vacuole, and chloroplasts.
25
Q

Old material to review

27. Why is electricity transmitted at high voltages?

A
  1. Electricity loses voltage as it travels over a long distance. AC current changes direction and voltage.
26
Q

Old material to review

28. Write the equation for photosynthesis. (See number 18 for help).

A
  1. 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
27
Q

Old material to review

29. Give examples of Newton’s three laws of motion.

A
  1. 1st Law- Coach Brown slams on the brakes on his bus and kids fall toward the front of the bus.
    2nd Law- Jared can throw a baseball farther than he can throw a bowling ball.
    3rd Law- Gases from a rocket engine push downward causing the rocket to accelerate upward.
28
Q

Old material to review

30. What kinds of elements for ionic bonds? covalent?

A
  1. Ionic bonds are formed by metals and nonmetals. Covalent bonds are formed by two nonmetals. Ionic- NaCl (sodium chloride) Covalent- CO2 (carbon dioxide)
29
Q

Old material to review

31. Identify a balanced chemical equation.

A
  1. SnO2 + H2  Sn + H2O UNBALANCED

4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O BALANCED

30
Q

Old material to review

32. Calculate the speed of an object from a graph of its motion.

A
  1. Speed = total distance / by total time From 7 to 10 minutes the speed is 8m / 3s = 2.7m/s

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