Adaptation Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by the term competition?

A

Organisms competing for resources to survive

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2
Q

What is meant by the term habitat?

A

The place where an organism lives

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3
Q

What is meant by the term community?

A

All the populations of different organisms that live together in a habitat

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4
Q

What is meant by the term population?

A

All the members of a single species that live in a habitat

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5
Q

What is meant by the term ecosystem?

A

A community and its habitat

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6
Q

What things to animals compete for?

A

Territory
Food
Water
Mates

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7
Q

What things to plants compete for?

A

Light
Space
Water
Minerals/Nutrients from the soil

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8
Q

What adaptations does a polar bear have that helps it to survive in the cold conditions?

A
  1. White fur- camouflage from prey
  2. Thick layer of fat and fur- Insulation
  3. Small surface area to volume ratio- minimise heat loss
  4. Large furry feet- distribute their load and grip across the ice
  5. Black skin under fur- absorb the heat from the sun- insulation, minimises heat loss
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9
Q

What adaptations to desert animals have?

A
  1. Large surface area to volume ratio- increases loss of body heat-stops them overheating
  2. Produce small amounts of concentrated urine- lose less water
  3. Make very little sweat
  4. Thin layers of body fat and a thin coat-helps to lose body heat
  5. Sandy colour gives good camouflage- avoid predators/sneak up on prey
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10
Q

What adaptations do desert plants have?

A
  1. Adapted to having little water
  2. Most plants (especially cacti) have spikes instead of leaves- reduces water loss as plants usually lose water through their leaves
  3. Small surface area to size ratio- reduces water loss
  4. Shallow but long and deep roots to absorb roots quickly over a large area.
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11
Q

What are extremophiles?

A

Organisms that can live in extreme environments and can survive conditions that would usually kill most other organisms.

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12
Q

What are the 3 main extreme conditions that extremophiles survive?

A

High temperatures
High concentrations of salt in water
High pressures

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