ad dvlpment psych Flashcards
family systems theory
relationships in families change must dramatically when individual members or family circumstances are changing
Midlife crisis
a psychological crisis over identity believed to occur between the ages of 35 and 45
Parental responsiveness
Degree to which the parent responds to the child’s needs in an accepting, supportive manner
Parental demandingness
Degree to which parent expects and insists on mature, responsible behavior from the child
Authoritative parents
use warmth, firm control, and rational, issue-oriented discipline, emphasis is placed on the development of self-direction
Authoritarian parents
use punitive, absolute, and forceful discipline, and place a premium on obedience and conformity
indulgent parents
characterized by responsiveness but low demandingness, and who are mainly concerned with the child’s happiness
indifferent parents (use parenting styles and their effects to study)
characterized by the low levels of both responsiveness and demandingness
Children raised in authoritative houses
more psychologically mature
responsible
self-assured
creative and curious
socially skilled
academically successful
Children raised in authoritative houses
more psychologically mature
responsible
self-assured
creative and curious
socially skilled
academically successful
adolescents raised in authoritarian homes
more dependent
more passive
less socially adept, less self-assured, and less curious
adolescents raised in indulgent households
less mature
less responsible
more conforming to their peers
adolescents raised in indifferent homes
impulsive
more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior and in precocious experimentations with sex, drugs, and alcohol
behavioral genetics
the scientific study of genetic influences on behavior
molecular genetics
the scientific study of the structure and function of genes
alleles
different versions of the same gene
the 10 basic principles of good parenting
what you do matter
you cannot be too loving
be involved in your childs life
adapt your parenting to fit your child
establish rules and set limits
help foster your childs independence
be consistent
avoid harsh discipline
explain your rules and decisions
treat your child with respect
the 10 basic principles of good parenting
what you do matter
you cannot be too loving
be involved in your childs life
adapt your parenting to fit your child
establish rules and set limits
help foster your childs independence
be consistent
avoid harsh discipline
explain your rules and decisions
treat your child with respect
shared environmental influences
nongenetic influences that make individuals living in the same family similar to each other
nonshared environmental influences
nongenetic influences in individuals lives that make them different from people they live with
diathesis-stress model
problems are the result of an interaction between a preexisting condition (the diathesis) and exposure to stress in the environment
differential susceptibility theory
the idea that the same genetic tendencies that make an individual especially susceptible to develop problems when exposed to adverse environmental influences
comprehensive high school
general education, college preparation, & vocational education all housed under one roof
Social promotion
promoting students from one grade to the next atuomatically regardless of their school performance
