ad dvlpment psych

Question 1

family systems theory

Answer 1

relationships in families change must dramatically when individual members or family circumstances are changing

Question 2

Midlife crisis

Answer 2

a psychological crisis over identity believed to occur between the ages of 35 and 45

Question 3

Parental responsiveness

Answer 3

Degree to which the parent responds to the child’s needs in an accepting, supportive manner

Question 4

Parental demandingness

Answer 4

Degree to which parent expects and insists on mature, responsible behavior from the child

Question 5

Authoritative parents

Answer 5

use warmth, firm control, and rational, issue-oriented discipline, emphasis is placed on the development of self-direction

Question 6

Authoritarian parents

Answer 6

use punitive, absolute, and forceful discipline, and place a premium on obedience and conformity

Question 7

indulgent parents

Answer 7

characterized by responsiveness but low demandingness, and who are mainly concerned with the child’s happiness

Question 8

indifferent parents (use parenting styles and their effects to study)

Answer 8

characterized by the low levels of both responsiveness and demandingness

Question 9

Children raised in authoritative houses

Answer 9

more psychologically mature
responsible
self-assured
creative and curious
socially skilled
academically successful

Question 10

Children raised in authoritative houses

Answer 10

more psychologically mature
responsible
self-assured
creative and curious
socially skilled
academically successful

Question 11

adolescents raised in authoritarian homes

Answer 11

more dependent
more passive
less socially adept, less self-assured, and less curious

Question 12

adolescents raised in indulgent households

Answer 12

less mature
less responsible
more conforming to their peers

Question 13

adolescents raised in indifferent homes

Answer 13

impulsive
more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior and in precocious experimentations with sex, drugs, and alcohol

Question 14

behavioral genetics

Answer 14

the scientific study of genetic influences on behavior

Question 15

molecular genetics

Answer 15

the scientific study of the structure and function of genes

Question 16

alleles

Answer 16

different versions of the same gene

Question 17

the 10 basic principles of good parenting

Answer 17

what you do matter
you cannot be too loving
be involved in your childs life
adapt your parenting to fit your child
establish rules and set limits
help foster your childs independence
be consistent
avoid harsh discipline
explain your rules and decisions
treat your child with respect

Question 18

the 10 basic principles of good parenting

Answer 18

what you do matter
you cannot be too loving
be involved in your childs life
adapt your parenting to fit your child
establish rules and set limits
help foster your childs independence
be consistent
avoid harsh discipline
explain your rules and decisions
treat your child with respect

Question 19

shared environmental influences

Answer 19

nongenetic influences that make individuals living in the same family similar to each other

Question 20

nonshared environmental influences

Answer 20

nongenetic influences in individuals lives that make them different from people they live with

Question 21

diathesis-stress model

Answer 21

problems are the result of an interaction between a preexisting condition (the diathesis) and exposure to stress in the environment

Question 22

differential susceptibility theory

Answer 22

the idea that the same genetic tendencies that make an individual especially susceptible to develop problems when exposed to adverse environmental influences

Question 23

comprehensive high school

Answer 23

general education, college preparation, & vocational education all housed under one roof

Question 24

Social promotion

Answer 24

promoting students from one grade to the next atuomatically regardless of their school performance

Question 25

critical thinking

Answer 25

thinking that involves analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information, rather than simply memorizing it

Question 26

standards-based reform

Answer 26

policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of standards measured by achievement tests

Question 27

common core

Answer 27

proposed set of standards in language arts and mathematics that al American schools are expected to use

Question 28

Charter schools

Answer 28

public schools that have been given the autonomy to establish their own curricula and teaching practices

Question 29

school vouchers

Answer 29

government-subsidized vouchers that can be used for private school tuition

Question 30

schools within schools

Answer 30

subdivisions of the student body within large schools created to foster feelings of belongingness

Question 31

junior high school

Answer 31

education institution designed during the early era of public secondary education

Question 32

middle school

Answer 32

educational institution housing seventh and eighth grade students along with adolescents who are 1 or 2 years younger