Acyl Chlorides Flashcards
What is the functional group in Acyl chlorides?
COCl
When Acyl chlorides react with cold water, what is produced?
A Carboxylic Acid and HCl
When Acyl chlorides and alcohols react, what is produced?
An Ester and HCl
When an acid chloride and ammonia react at room temperature, what is produced?
An amide and HCl
When an acid chloride and a Primary Amine react at room temperature, what is produced?
An N-Substituted Amide and HCl
How do you know that hydrogen chloride has been given off in a reaction?
It produces misty fumes
What is the name of the mechanism for when an Acid Chloride reacts?
Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination
What is an Acid anhydride made from?
Two identical Carboxylic Acid molecules
What is the difference between Acid chlorides reacting with water, alcohols, ammonia and amines and Acid Anhydrides with the same?
The reactions containing acid anhydrides are less Vigorous and a Carboxylic Acid is produced rather than HCl fumes
Why are Acid chlorides easily attacked by nucleophiles?
Because both the oxygen and chlorine atom pull electrons towards themselves which leaves the central carbon atom with a slight positive charge
How is aspirin made?
By reacting salicylic Acid with Ethanoic anhydride or ethanoyl Chloride
Why is ethanoic anhydride used in industry?
Because it is cheaper to use than ethanoyl Chloride and is safer to use than ethanoyl Chloride as it’s less corrosive, reacts more slowly with water and doesn’t produce dangerous HCl fumes
Write a word equation to show how aspirin is formed by reacting salicylic Acid with ethanoic anhydride:
Salicylic Acid + Ethanoic Anhydride —> Aspirin + Ethanoic Acid
