ACYANOTIC DISEASES

Question 1

3 types of atrial septal defect

Answer 1

ostium primum, ostium secundum, sinus venosus defect

Question 2

Infants and children with ASD are usually _

Answer 2

asymptomatic

Question 3

An _ _ _ is a hole between the two atria

Answer 3

atrial septal defect

Question 4

assessment for atrial septum defect

Answer 4

• Ejection systolic murmur
• Split S2 sound
• Dysrhythmias
• Shortness of breath
• Poor growth

Question 5

complications of ASD

Answer 5

• Pulmonary hypertension
• Stroke
• Heart failure

Question 6

medical management for ASD

Answer 6

furosemide and digoxin

Question 7

a medicine that is used for strengthening the pumping action of the heart

Answer 7

digoxin

Question 8

nursing interventions for ASD

Answer 8

■ Monitor feeding tolerance
■ Monitor for signs and symptoms of CHF
■ Monitor for increased work of breathing, grunting, retractions, and flaring
■ Monitor growth patterns

Question 9

caregiver education for ASD

Answer 9

■ Surgical closures with a patch may result in arrhythmias.
■ Monitor for increase in temperature and changes in color of the catheterized extemity
■ Educate on risk for embolization due to dislodgement of the patch.
■ Maintain schedule of yearly close follow-ups
with cardiologist.
■ Monitor for cyanosis

Question 10

An abnormal opening between the right and left
ventricles

Answer 10

ventricular septal defect

Question 11

where can ejection systolic murmur be heard

Answer 11

2nd ICS midclavicular line near pulmonic valve

Question 12

ASD occurs due to

Answer 12

shunting due to increased pressure from left ventricle

Question 13

ASD may cause

Answer 13

right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 14

ASD may lead to

Answer 14

stroke

Question 15

a blood clot is normally filtered in the lungs, with ASD, blood clots will pass through the hole and travel to the brain

Answer 15

polycythemia

Question 16

increased cardiac workload will lead to

Answer 16

heart failure

Question 17

decreased cardiac output may result

Answer 17

• tachycardia
• cold extremities
• weak pulse
• exercise intolerance
• lethargy

Question 18

2 purposes of catheterization

Answer 18

diagnostic and intervention

Question 19

a medicine that treats pulmonary fluid accumulation in the lungs caused by CHD

Answer 19

furosemide

Question 20

it is the result of the delay of the closure of the pulmonary valve

Answer 20

ejection systolic murmur

Question 21

types of VSD

Answer 21

1. outlet
2. perimembranous
3. muscular
4. inlet

Question 22

complications of VSD

Answer 22

• Pulmonary hypertension
• Stroke
• Heart failure

Question 23

assessment for VSD

Answer 23

• Often asymptomatic
• Holosystolic murmur
• Shortness of breath
• Feeding difficulties
• Failure to thrive

Question 24

harsh systolic murmur

Answer 24

holosystolic murmur

Question 25

surgical management for VSD and ASD

Answer 25

cardiac catheterization and open heart surgery

Question 26

The _ _ is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery and aorta

Answer 26

ductus arteriosus

Question 27

In the fetus, it enables blood to bypass the lungs. The fetus does not breathe air, and thus blood does not need to pass through the lungs to be oxygenated.

Answer 27

ductus arteriosus

Question 28

After birth, blood needs to be oxygenated in the lungs, and normally, the ductus arteriosus closes quickly, usually within days up to _ weeks.

Answer 28

2

Question 29

Failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close within the first week of life

Answer 29

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 30

assessment for patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 30

• Systolic and diastolic murmur • Widened pulse pressure and bounding pulses • May show signs of heart failure • Signs and symptoms decreased cardiac output may be present

Question 31

machinery-like murmur

Answer 31

Systolic and diastolic murmur

Question 32

complications of patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 32

• Pulmonary hypertension • Cardiomegaly • Heart failure • Right ventricle hypertrophy

Question 33

hole between the pulmonic or aortic valve

Answer 33

outlet VSD

Question 34

most common type of VSD

Answer 34

perimembranous VSD

Question 35

hole in the upper section of the ventricular wall

Answer 35

perimembranous VSDA

Question 36

hole/s in the muscular part of the ventricles

Answer 36

muscular VSD

Question 37

hole near the AV valves

Answer 37

inlet VSD

Question 38

type of VSD common in patients with down syndrome

Answer 38

inlet

Question 39

VSD can still close if the hole is

Answer 39

3 mm

Question 40

moderate hole in VSD

Answer 40

3-5 mm

Question 41

small hole in VSD

Answer 41

3 mm

Question 42

large hole in VSD

Answer 42

6-10 mm

Question 43

a 6-10 mm hole should be managed with

Answer 43

open heart surgery (1-3 yrs old)

Question 44

this CHD causes backflow of blood from aorta to pulmonary artery tp right ventricle

Answer 44

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 45

PDA may cause

Answer 45

endocarditis

Question 46

inflammation of the inner layer of the heart

Answer 46

endocarditis

Question 47

PDA may cause _ to the lungs

Answer 47

pulmonary hypertension

Question 48

PDA can be managed with

Answer 48

PDA ligation with suture

Question 49

small hole in PDA

Answer 49

1.5 mm

Question 50

moderate hole in PDA

Answer 50

1.5-3 mm

Question 51

large hole in PDA

Answer 51

more than 3 mm

Question 52

normal pulse pressure

Answer 52

30-40 mmHg

Question 53

more than 30 mmHg means

Answer 53

narrow pulse pressure

Question 54

how to compute pulse pressure

Answer 54

systolic BP - diastolic BP

Question 55

a medicine that causes complete cessation of ductus flow which will lead to necrosis of intima of ductus arteriosus

Answer 55

ibuprofen

Question 56

an _ that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis that will lead to closure of PDA

Answer 56

NSAID; indomethacin via oral/IV

Question 57

PDA may cause

Answer 57

- diaphoresis - tachypnea - tachycardia

Question 58

nursing interventions for PDA

Answer 58

■ Monitor daily weights ■ Maintain strict intake and output fluid restrictions. ■ Maintain diuretics as ordered. ■ Dopamine may be required. ■ Maintain digoxin administration as ordered.

Question 59

patient and caregiver education for PDA

Answer 59

■ Closely monitor oral intake ■ Keep cardiology appointments ■ Continue diuretics

Question 60

_% of people still have patent foramen ovale

Answer 60

25%

Question 63

if the baby becomes cyanotic whenever s/he is crying,

Answer 63

evaluate for patent foramen ovale

Question 64

patent foramen ovale may be

Answer 64

hereditary