Acute stress reaction

Question 1

Give some examples of events causing acute stress reaction?

Answer 1

Physical assault
Natural disasters
War
Life-threatening illness

Question 2

In acute stress reaction there is overactivity of what?

Answer 2

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system leading to increased levels or cortisol.
Also has neurotransmitter dysregulation.

Question 3

When and how long do symptoms of acute stress reaction appear?

Answer 3

Begin immediately or within hours of traumatic event.
Last up to 4 weeks.

Question 4

What are the core symptoms of acute stress reaction?

Answer 4

Re-experiencing the trauma
Avoidance
Hyperarousal (hypervigilance, difficulty concentrating)
Dissociation
Emotional distress

Question 5

What are some core physical symptoms of acute stress reaction?

Answer 5

Palpitations
Sweating
Chest tightness
nausea
Headaches
Dizziness

Question 6

What are some differential diagnosis to acute stress reaction?

Answer 6

PTSD (over 4 weeks)
Adjustment disorder (less intense)
Panic disorder (no clear external trigger)
Hypoglycaemia
Hyperthyroidism

Question 7

If symptoms of acute stress reaction persist, what psychological interventions can be taken?

Answer 7

CBT
Relaxation techniques

Question 8

What medication may be used short term for acute anxiety or insomnia?

Answer 8

Benzodiazepines (eg lorazepam)

Question 9

What medication can be considered for prolonged symptoms transitioning to PTSD?

Answer 9

SSRIs