Acute Renal Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards
What do kidneys do?
Filtration!
make/release erythropoietin ( to stimulate RBC manufacturing)
What are some things Kidneys filter?
BUN - blood urea nitrogen
Creatinine (muscle waste product)
Sodium ( fluid volume)
Potassium ( regulates heart)
What is the normal potassium level? Why is it important for potassium to stay within this range?
3.5-5 UNITS???
elevated or decreased potassium levels can kill someone
What can happen to Kidney patients?
a lot of different things because the kidney filters many things that affect other systems and organs
What is the functional unit of the Kidney?
Nephron
What is the Nephron made up of?
Glomerulus Proximal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule Collecting Duct
Where is the Glomerulus located? What does it do?
located in the Bowman’s Capsule
Filters - made up of a bunch of capillaries
What does the Proximal Convoluted Tubule do?
drains the Bowman’s Capsule, reabsorbs electrolytes, plays a part in the buffer system (acid/base balance)
What is the purpose of the Loop of Henle?
reabsorbs water (controls the concentration of urine)
What is Glomerulonephritis?
a group of diseases that results from inflammation or injury to the glomerulus
What are the First - Third leading causes of Renal Failure?
#1 = Diabetes #2 = HTN #3 = Glomerulonephritis
What causes Glomerulonephritis?
damage to the glomerulus
- HTN, Stress, Drugs, Infection, Diabetes
What are the manifestations of Glomerulonephritis?
headache ^ BP facial/periorbital edema lethargic low grade fever weight gain (edema) Proteinuria Hematuria Oliguria Dysuria
Proteinuria
protein in the urine
damaged capillary beds in the kidney so the proteins leaks out
Hematuria
blood in the urine
damaged capillary beds in the kidney so blood leaks out
Oliguria
No urine output
*have edema because they are holding onto water/sodium
Dysuria
painful urination
What is Nephrotic Syndrome
another name for Glomerulonephritis
Increase in the glomerular permeability resulting in a decrease in GFR
How will a person with Nephrotic Syndrome present due to change in permeability?
massive proteinuria generalized edema ascites hyperlipidemia hypoalbuminemia hypoproteinemia (less protein in blood because they are urinating them out)
What is Nephrotic Syndrome characterized by?
an increase in capillary permeability in the glomerulous