Acute Renal Failure

Question 1

Acute Renal Failure

Answer 1

Decrease in GFR resulting in:
Retention of nitrogenous waste products (BUN - blood urea nitrogen)
Increased creatinine concentration
Derangement of extracellualr fluid volume and electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis
Sharp decrease in urinary output

Question 2

Azotemia

Answer 2

the accumulation of abnormally large amounts of nitrogenous waste products in the blood
Elevated BUN or Cr

Question 3

Oliguria

Answer 3

UOP <20cc/hr

Question 4

Prerenal

Answer 4

decreased blood flow to the kidney
Most common, due to:
Decreased renal perfusion
Volume depletion
Low cardiac output
Relative hypotension
Change in vascular resistance

Question 5

Postrenal

Answer 5

Results from disorders that interfere with the elimination of urine from the kidney.
Least common, due to:
***Obstruction of urinary flow from kidneys to
bladder
Urethral obstructions
Bladder dysfunction
Obstruction of both ureters or renal pelvises
BPH

Question 6

Instrinsic

Answer 6

disorders that disrupt the structures of the kidney.
Sites of injury are the tubules, the interstitium, the vasculature, and the glomeruli.
Includes:
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
Interstitial Nephritis
Glomerulonephritis

Question 7

Contrast Nephropathy risk factors:

Answer 7

Pre-existing renal impairment
Diabetes mellitus
Concurrent use of nephro-active drugs
Proteinuria, myeloma
High contrast dose