Acute renal failure

Question 1

What are the 3 causes of acute renal failure

Answer 1

Prerenal- prolonged hypoperfusion to kidneys (before kidneys)
Intrarenal- actual tissue damage (within the kidney)
Postrenal- obstruction to urinary system (after kidey)

Question 2

Explain what causes prerenal

Answer 2

Any issue with profusion that causes dysfunction of the kidneys
Severe volume deficit
- Gi loss- vomiting/diarrhea
- NG suctioning
-Hemorrhage- hypovolemic shock!
Cardiac- cannot pump blood to kidneys d/t decreased cardiac output
- MI
-internal or external bleeding
-dehydration (hypovolemia)
-burns
Vasodilation
-Anaphylaxis
-antihypertensives and medications that cause vasodilation

Question 3

Indications client is in oliguric phase

Answer 3

Urinary output <400ml/day 
N/V
Irritability, restlessness
Drowsiness--confusion--coma
Twitching, seizures

Question 4

What labs are increased with oliguric phase

Answer 4

Serum potassium 5.2<
Blood urea nitrogen 20<
Creatinine 1.2 <
Calcium 10.2<
Sodium 145<
pH 7.45