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NP > ACUTE QUIZ 2 > Flashcards

ACUTE QUIZ 2 Flashcards

1
Q

____________ leading risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, renal failure and retinopathy

A

hypertension

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2
Q

the presence of a blood pressure elevation to a leave that places patients at increased risk for _______________ in several vascular beds including brain, retina, heart, kidneys and large conduit arteries

A

target organ damage

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3
Q

vessels are _____bodies

A

dynamic

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4
Q

______ & _______ number one of the leading causes of blindness

A

HTN and DM

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4
Q

ACS is worsened when you have a patient with

A

HTN

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5
Q

target organ damage renal*****

A

hematuria
azotemia/ckd/nitrates increased BUN and increase din creatinine

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6
Q

target organ damage cardiac***

A

pulmonary edema, MI, LVH, HF

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7
Q

target organ damage opthalmologic

A

retinopathy, papilledema and hemorrhage

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8
Q

normal blood pressure parameters

A

<120 sbp and < 80 diastolic

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9
Q

elevated blood pressure parameters

A

120-129 sys and <80 diastolic

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10
Q

stage 1 htn parameters

A

130-139 systolic and 80-89 diastolic

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11
Q

stage 2 paramteres

A

> 140 and >90 diastolic

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12
Q

diabetic patients we treat in what stage of htn

A

stage 1

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13
Q

medical treatment everyone at what stage?

A

stage 2

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14
Q

why do we do both arms for blood pressure

A

coracture of the aorta looking for pressure gradient differences

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15
Q

first line therapy for diabetic patient medications

A

ACE

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16
Q

heart sound pathologic finding for htn

A

s4

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17
Q

ACE inhibitors adverse affects

A

cough, rash and hyperkalemia and renal impairment

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18
Q

arbs and ace do you put them together

A

NEVER do that

potassium goes extremely high

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19
Q

nondihydropuridies

A

diltiazem and verapamil

20
Q

highly prescribed agents for post op heart really for heart rate management not first line for blood pressure

A

beta blockers

21
Q

beta blockers know a little bit

A

not first line therapy

avoid nonselective in the asthma/copd patient population

Blocking cathecholamine affect. Feeling tired

adverse effects brady, dizziness, fatigue and can mask hypoglycemia symptoms

22
Q

pregnant patients with HTN drug of choice

A

methyldopha and available in a transdermal patch

and labetolol and nicardipene

23
Q

adverse effects of arterial vasodilators

A

flushing dizziness orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachycardia

24
Q

if you directly vasodilate the can….

A

drop their blood pressure and then what does the heart rate look like- reflex tachycardia with high doses like hydralazine

25
Q

start blood pressure medications with (#)____ first line agents

A

2

example: diuretic bb or ccb if they have stage 2 hypertension >140

combo is more effective than mono

26
Q

hypertensive emergencies

A

> 180/100 results in target organ damage

The systems primarily involved include the central nervous system (CNS), the cardiovascular system, and the renal system.
Associated with vascular, hemodynamic complications (HF, stroke, or dissecting aortic aneurysm)
ICU/IV Meds then transition to PO

27
Q

malignant accelerated hypertension

A

marked eleavtion of BP with a progressive ateriopathy with inflammation and necrosis of aterioles

27
Q

hypertensive urgency

A

severe elevation of BP without progressive target organ damage***

Majority of pts noncompliant or inadequately treated
Parenteral therapy rare
BP reduction within several hours.

Oral therapy may include
Clonidine
Captopril
Labetolol

28
Q

drug you wanna give for a cortisol crisis phetochromocytoma ?

A

phentolamine

29
Q

Loop diuretic examples

A

Bumex lasix and demadex

30
Q

Adverse effects of loop diuretics

A

Metabolic alkalosis. Gout. Electrolyte imbalances

31
Q

All diuretics excrete

A

Sodium potassium and magnesium

32
Q

Aldosterone effect when it is blocked like aldactpne effect

A

Gynecomastia breast pain and hyperkalemia

33
Q

Ace inhibitors are twtratogenic meaning

A

Rob blood flow to the placenta

34
Q

Renal impairment what electrolyte goes up

A

Potassium

35
Q

Ace inhibitors help with

A

Some renal impairment and the potassium is normal. They have renal protection

36
Q

Nonselective CCB

A

Nondihydro cardizem and verapamil

37
Q

Headaches can occur (weirdly enough)

A

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation

38
Q

Bradycardia side effect from which CCB classification

A

Nondihydopyridines

39
Q

Which of the beta blockers would you avoid in an asthmatic patient

A

The non selective. That have beta one and beta two

40
Q

Carvedilol

A

Nonselective

Beta one beta two and alpha blocker thus reducing blood pressure

Good for heart remodeling

41
Q

Propranolol

A

Nonselective also used for like TBI

Thalmic storm

Or brain tumor

Beta one and beta two

Alpha two blocker

42
Q

Selective BB

A

Metropolol and atenolol

43
Q

Bph medication given when

A

At night due to orthostatic hypotension
Alpha one blockers

44
Q

Peripheral alpha one blockers

A

Cardura minipress and Hytrine

Adjunct therapy

Works now on bph

Side effects dry mouth syncope and ortho dizziness

45
Q

Central alpha 2 agonist

A

Rebound htn with abrupt withdrawal
Used
Clonidine catapress has analgesic affect and sedation

Clonidine and methylodopa
Methy is safe for pregnancy

46
Q

If you directly vasodilation what happens

A

Becomes significantly hypotwnsive and then reflex tachycardia

Hydra Lia one for example with higher dosages
Flushing dizziness and ortho hypotension

NP (6 decks)

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