Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 7 Week 4 Colt > Acute Phase Proteins - Hunter > Flashcards

Acute Phase Proteins - Hunter Flashcards

1
Q

PAMPs are recognized by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on what cell types?

A

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

microbes can cause damage that elicits (blank)

A

DAMPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

f-Met-Leu-Phe receptor recognizes what type of pathogen?

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mannose receptor recognizes what type of pathogen?

A

bacteria, fungi, viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

scavenger receptor recognizes what type of pathogen?

A

acetylated lipoproteins on bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dectin-1 glucan receptor recognizes what type of pathogen?

A

fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

LPS binding protein and CD14 receptor recognizes what type of pathogen?

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

production of bradykinin produces what symptom?

A

pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pathogens cause macrophages to release cytokines that do what to the blood vessels?

A

dilation and increased vascular permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the systemic effects of IL6?

A

fever

induces acute phase potein production by hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the local effects of TNF-a?

A
  1. activates vascular endothelium
  2. increases vascular permeability
  3. increased entry of complement and cells to tissues
  4. increased fluid drainage to lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the systemic effects of TNF-a?

A
  1. fever
  2. mobilization of metabolites
  3. shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the local effects of IL-1b?

A
  1. activates vascular endo
  2. activates lymphocytes
  3. local tissue destruction
  4. increases access of effector cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WHat are the systemic effects of IL-1b?

A
  1. fever

2. production of IL-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the local effects of CXCL8?

A
  1. chemotactic factor recruits neutrophils and basophils to site of infx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the local effects of IL-2?

A

activates NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which three cytokines are involved in starting the acute phase response?

A

IL6
TNF a
IL1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which cytokine induces acute phase protein production in the liver?

A

IL6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which two cytokines cause fever?

A

IL1

TNFa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Production of CRP and mannose binding lecting will activate (blank)

A

complement opsonization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow during the actue phase will lead to what?

A

phagocytosis of the bug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Increased body temp via the hypothal and increased energy metabolism to induce fever have what desired effect?

A

decrease viral and bacterial rep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: the acute phase includes up and down regulation of protein expression

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F: acute phase rxn induces behavioral changes

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What four proteins are produced by the liver in response to the acute phase rxn?

A
  1. fibrinogen
  2. haptoglobin
  3. serum amyloid protein
  4. CRP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of CRP?

A

opsonin on microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the function of serum amyloid A?

A

recruitment of immune cells to inflammatory sites, induction of enzymes, that degrade the eCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of serum amyloid P component?

A

opsonin of microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the function of mannan binding lectin?

A

mannan-binding lectin pathway of complement activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Fibrinogen, prothrombin, FVIII, vWF all trap microbes in (blank)

A

blood clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what degrades blood clots?

A

plasminogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the inhibits thrombin and thereby inhibits coag?

A

Alpha 2 macroglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the inhibitor of fibrinolysis by inhibiting plasmin?

A

A-2 macroglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What binds iron and inhibits microbe iron uptake?

A

ferritin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What prevents the release of iron bound by ferritin or ferroportin?

A

hepcidin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What oxidizes iron, facilitates ferritin, and inhibits microbe Fe uptake?

A

ceruloplasmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the function of haptoglobin?

A

binds Hgb and inhibits microbe Fe uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the function of orosomucoid alpha-1-acid glycoprotein?

A

steroid carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What two things are serpins that dwonregulate inflammation?

A

A-1-antitrypsin

A-1 anthichymotrypsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the five general functions of the positive acute phase proteins?

A
  1. opsonization and trapping of microorganisms
  2. activate complement
  3. coagulation and fibrinolysis
  4. scavenging Hgb and iron
  5. neutralizing enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Negative APPs reduce (blank)

A

inflammation

42
Q

What are some examples of negative APPs?

A

albumin, transferrin, transthyretin, retinol-binding protein, antithrombin, transcortin

43
Q

CRP is in the (blank) familiy of proteins

A

pentraxin

44
Q

CRP binds (blank) in the cell membrane of microorganisms, including LPS of bacteria

A

phosphocholine

45
Q

CRP promotes osponization via binding (blank) complement

A

C1q

46
Q

CRP triggers which complement pathway?

A

classic

47
Q

How many fold can CRP increase in the APR?

A

50,000x

48
Q

What do you use CRP for?

A

marker of systemic inflammation

49
Q

What receptor type agonists in the APR help in inflammation associated coagulation>?

A

TLR agonists

50
Q

APR induces the expression of (blank) from the surfaces of monocytes and vascular endo cells that leads to coag

A

tissue factor

51
Q

What is the effect of increases levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor?

A

prevents the formation of plasmin which decreases fibrinolysis

52
Q

Hepatic synth of protein C and AT-III (inc/dec) during the APR

A

decrease

53
Q

What are the big picture end results of the APR?

A

increased thrombin activity
decreased fibrinolysis
fibrin formation
thrombosis

54
Q

circulating cytokines can talk with brain centers via what three things?

A
  1. cerebral endothelium
  2. vagal nerve
  3. circumventricular organs
55
Q

What is the effect of systemic cytokines on brain centers?

A

effect local cytokine and prostaglandin synth, produce sickness behavior, and fever

56
Q

(TNFa/PGE2) produces sickness behavior

A

PGE2

57
Q

T/F: APR causes an increase in expression of anti-inflammatory molecules

A

true

58
Q

How are the actions of IL1 combatted in the APR?

A

IL1 receptor agonists

59
Q

How are the actions of TNF-a combatted in the APR?

A

soluble TNF-a receptors that neutralize it

60
Q

T/F: cortisol, ACTH, epi, and a-MSH downregulated immune responses

A

true; neuroendocrine hormones

61
Q

The nervous system interacts with the immune system via the (blank)

A

inflammatory reflex

62
Q

Inflammatory mediators produced by infection or injury activate sensory neurons traveling to the brainstem in the (blank)

A

vagus nerve

63
Q

The inflammatory reflex sends signals to what organ?

A

spleen

64
Q

Synapses with (T/B) lymphocytes in the inflammatory reflex activate these cells to release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

A

T cells

65
Q

Acetylcholine binds to receptors on (blank) cells and stimulates an intracellular signaling pathway that blocks secretion of inflammatory mediators like TNF-a

A

macrophages

66
Q

What brain center controls body temp?

A

hypothal

67
Q

What two nuclei in the hypthal receive temperature signals?

A

preoptic anterior hypothal and posterior hypothal

68
Q

What are the two types of temp signals the hypothal gets?

A
  1. warmth/cold receptors from peripheral nerves in the skin

2. temp of blood in that region

69
Q

When is temp the lowest during the day?

A

6am

70
Q

When is temp the highest during the day?

A

4-6pm

71
Q

what is the average temp?

A

36.8C or 98.2F

72
Q

What are the cutoffs for fever in the morning and afternoon?

A

morning: >37.2 / 98.9
afternoon: >37.7/99.9

73
Q

T/F: fever is the resetting of the hypothal set point

A

true

74
Q

Once the hypothalamic set point is raised, neurons in the (blank) are activated and vasoconstriction commences

A

vasomotor center

75
Q

A febrile individual first notices (blank) in the hands and feet; shunting of blood away from the periphery to the internal organs essentially decreases heat loss from the skin, and the person feels cold

A

vasoconstriction

76
Q

For most fevers caused by infection, how much does the body temp raise?

A

1-2 C

77
Q

T/F: a whole microorganism is an exogenous pyrogen

A

true

78
Q

T/F: ALL gram neg bacteria produce endotoxin pyrogen

A

true

79
Q

T/F: some cytokines cause fever

A

true

80
Q

What are endogenous pyrogens?

A

cytokines that cause fever

81
Q

WHich cytokines cause fever?

A 
IL1
IL6
TNFa
CNTF: ciliary neurotropic factor
IFN a/b
82
Q

T/F: fever can be present in the absence of an infection

A

true

83
Q

what is the precursor to PGE2?

A

arachidonic acid

84
Q

WHat two enzymes are upregulated by pyrogenic cytokines?

A

COX-2 and mPGES-1 (microsomal PGE synthase 1)

85
Q

pyrogenic cytokines upregulate enzyme activity WHERE in the body (be super specific)

A

endothelium of the blood vessels in the preoptic hypothalamus

86
Q

PGE2 on the brain side of the endothelium binds to the EP-3 receptors on (blank) cells

A

Glial cells

87
Q

binding of EP 3 on glial cuases the release of (blank)

A

cAMP

88
Q

cAMP released by glial cells in the hypothal mediates the change in the (blank)

A

hypothal set point

89
Q

T/F: hypothal endothelium have distinct PAMPs and DAMPs receptors

A

true

90
Q

T/F: binding of hypothal PAMP and DAMP receptors mimmics the effect of pyrogenic cytokines

A

true

91
Q

What three cells are activated by endotoxin, inflammation, or pyrogenic stimuli?

A

monocytes
macrophages
kupffer cells

92
Q

Reducing the levels of (blank) lowers the elevated hypothal set point

A

PGE2

93
Q

Antipyretic drugs inhibit what enzyme?

A

COX2

94
Q

T/F: chronic use of antipyretics and NSAIDs inhibits your ability to produce a fever

A

false

95
Q

T/F: PGE2 plays no role in normal thermoregulation

A

true

96
Q

By what mechanism do glucocorticoids reduce fever?

A

lower PGE2 levesl by inhibiting phospholipase A2; blocks mRNA transcription from cytokines

97
Q

What bugs are especially sensitive to fever?

A

anthrax, pneumococcal pneumonia, leprosy, and various fungal, rickettsial, and viral diseases

98
Q

How does fever alter antibody production?

A

increased

99
Q

What temp is considered hyperpyrexia? When do you see it?

A

rectal temp >106.7, seen with CNS hemorrhages and severe infx

100
Q

At what temp does stroke and death happen?

A

> 43 C

Block 7 Week 4 Colt (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions