Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NELSONS > Acute Pharyngitis > Flashcards

Acute Pharyngitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis?

A

Group A streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What viral etiology causes severe pharyngitis?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What pharyngeal lesions are usually seen in primary oral HSV infection?

A

Gingivostomatitis and ulcerating vesicles throughout the anterior pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

primary oral HSV infection can last up to how many days?

A

14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Discrete papulovesicular lesions or ulcerations in the posterior oropharynx, severe throat pain, and fever are characteristic of______________

A

Herpangina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is pharyngoconjunctival fever?

A

pharyngitis with concurrent conjunctivitis.

pharyngitis tends to resolve within 7 days but conjunctivitis may persist for up to 14 days

can be epidemic or sporadic; outbreaks have been associated with exposure in swimming pools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, or hepatomegaly may be the clue to ________________________ in an adolescent with exudative tonsillitis

A

EBV infectious mononucleosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Primary infection with HIV can manifest as the acute retroviral syndrome which manifest as?

A

non-exudative pharyngitis, fever, arthralgia, myalgia, adenopathy, and often a maculopapular rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the features suggestive of Group A streptococcus pharyngitis?

A

sudden onset of sore throat
5-15 years old
patchy tonsillo pharyngeal exudates
anterior cervical adenitis (tender nodes)
scarlatiniform rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the features suggestive of Viral pharyngitis?

A

conjunctivitis
coryza
cough
diarrhea
hoarseness
viral examthen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Scarlet Fever like rash with pharyngitis may be present with____________?

A

A. haemolyticum infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What etiology agent is common cause of
pharyngitis in older adolescents and adults (15-30 yr old), had fever, tonsillar exudates, had anterior cervical adenopathy, and most did not have cough????

A

F. necrophorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

F. necrophorum pharyngitis is associated with
the development of _________________?

A

Lemierre syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Lemierre syndrome?

A

internal jugular vein septic thrombophlebitis

patient appears toxic, Septic shock may ensue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

May usually be asymptomatic but can
cause acute ulcerative or exudative pharyngitis with fever and cervical lymphadenitis

A

Gonococcal pharyngeal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis is relatively uncommon before _______________,
is quite common among children ____________ , and declines in frequency in ________________

A

2-3 yr of age

5-15 yr old

late adolescence and adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How long is the incubation period of GAS infection?

A

2-5 days

18
Q

Describe the physical exam of the pharyngeal wall in GAS infection?

A

pharynx is red, the tonsils are enlarged and often covered with a white, grayish, or
yellow exudate that may be blood-tinged.

There may be petechiae or doughnut lesions on the soft palate and posterior pharynx, and the
uvula may be red and swollen

19
Q

Describe the oral PE in GAS infection.

A

flamed and prominent (strawberry tongue). Initially, the tongue is often coated white, and
with the swollen papillae, it is called a white strawberry tongue. When the white coating is gone after a few days, the tongue
is often quite red, and is called a red strawberry tongue

20
Q

What pyrogenic exotoxin may demonstrate the fine red, papular (sandpaper) rash of scarlet fever?

A

exotoxin A, B, or C

21
Q

What is Pastia lines or sign?

A

rash blanches with pressure, and it may be more intense in skin creases, especially in the antecubital fossae, axillae, and inguinal
creases

22
Q

What is Rumpel-Leeds phenomenon?

A

Capillary fragility can cause petechiae distal to a
tourniquet or constriction from clothing, a positive tourniquet test

23
Q

What is the exotoxin most commonly associated with scarlet fever?

A

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A, encoded by the gene spe A

24
Q

What is the important GAS virulence factor that facilitates resistance to phagocytosis?

A

M protein

25
Q

Can a person experience multiple GAS infection?

A

yes because natural immunity is M type–specific and does not prevent infection with a new M type

26
Q

What is the criteria of GAS infection?

A

temperature >38°C
absence of cough
tender anterior cervical adenopathy
tonsillar swelling or exudates
age 3-14 yr

27
Q

Is throat culture needed if rapid antigen-detection tests is positive

A

no because it is assumed to be accurate and throat culture is unnecessary. but RADTs are generally much less sensitive than culture, confirming a negative rapid test with a throat culture is recommended

28
Q

These can be used in children who have evidence of upper airway compromise due to mononucleosis

A

Systemic corticosteroids

29
Q

This cannot be recommended for treatment
of most pediatric pharyngitis

A

Corticosteroids

30
Q

What is recommended for patients with A. haemolyticum

A

oral erythromycin

31
Q

What is suggested for patients with group C streptococcal isolates

A

oral penicillin

32
Q

What is the primary benefit and intent of antibiotic treatment

A

prevention of acute rheumatic fever (ARF)

33
Q

What is the golden time frame for antibiotics to be started?

A

within 9 days

34
Q

Does Antibiotic therapyprevent acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)?

A

no

35
Q

When can a Presumptive antibiotic treatment be started?

A

clinical diagnosis of scarlet fever

a symptomatic child has a household contact with documented streptococcal pharyngitis

there is a history of ARF in the patient or a family member

36
Q

What is the duration of treatment of pharyngitis?

A

10 days

37
Q

Is Follow-up testing for GAS necessary after completion of therapy and is recommended unless symptoms recur

A

NO

38
Q

What can be given to patients allergic to penicillin?

A

10-day course of a narrow-spectrum, 1st-generation cephalosporin (Cephalexin)

10 days with erythromycin, clarithromycin, or clindamycin

5 days with azithromycin

39
Q

What are the reasons of having recurrent pharyngitis?

A

reinfection with the same M type if type-specific antibody has not developed

poor compliance with oral antibiotic therapy

macrolide resistance if a macrolide was used for treatment infection with a new M type

40
Q

What is the criteria for tonsillectomy?

A

≥7 episodes in the previous year

≥5 in each of the preceding 2 yr

≥3 in each of the previous 3 yr

7-1 5-2 3-3

41
Q
A

NELSONS (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions