Acute Periodontal Lesions & Mucogingival Conditions Flashcards
Acute periodontal lesions include:
- Periodontal abscesses
- Necrotizing periodontal diseases
- Endo Perio lesions
_____% of all emergency patients, 3rd most common
_____% of untreated periodontal patients
_____% of patients in active periodontal treatment
_____% of patients in periodontal maintenance
7-14% of all emergency patients, 3rd most common
60% of untreated periodontal patients
13.5% of patients in active periodontal treatment
37% of patients in periodontal maintenance
What is the etiology of periodontal abscesses?
- pulp necrosis
- periodontal infections
- pericoronitis
- trauma
- surgery
- foreign body impaction
Localized accumulation of pus located within the gingival wall of the periodontal pocket , with an expressed periodontal breakdown occurring during a limited period of time, with easily detectable clinical symptoms:
Periodontal abscess
List the sequence of events leading to periodontal abscess formation:
- Occlusion of existing periodontal pocket
- Bacterial invasion of soft tissue wall
- Leukocytic infiltration (neutrophils)
- Vascular thrombosis
- Edema & swelling
- Tissue necrosis & liquefaction
- Collagenolysis & bone resorption
- Production of purulent exudate
OBLV ETCP
List the most common symptoms of acute periodontal disease in order from MOST common to LEAST common:
- pain
- swelling & edema
- lymphadenopathy
- Fever
_____ formation is often a manifestation of:
-diabetes (uncontrolled or undiagnosed): most common cause
-AIDS (compromised immune system
-Depressed immune system (steroid therapy, chemotherapy)
Multiple abscess
MULTIPLE ABCESS FORMATION is often a manifestation of: (3)
- Diabetes
- AIDS
- Depressed immune system
What is the MOST common cause of multiple abscess formation?
Uncontrolled or undiagnosed diabetes
65% of the microbial flora that cause periodontal abscesses are _____ and ____
Gram negative; anaerobic
Bacteria that produce ______, such as P. Gingivalis & P. Intermeia are important in the pathogenesis of the periodontal abscess since they increase the availability of nutrients, and thereby increase the number of bacteria within the abscess environment
proteinases
Bacteria that produce proteinases such as _____ & _____ are important in the pathogenesis of periodontal abscess
P. gingivalis; P. intermedia
Bacteria that produce proteinases such as P. Gingivalis & P. intermedia are important in the pathogenesis of the periodontal abscess since they increase _____ and thereby increase the _____ within the abscess environment
the availability of nutrients; number of bacteria
List the common pathogens found in a periodontal abscess: (7)
- Candida albicans
- Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Peptostreptococcus micros
- Porphyromonas gingivalis
- Prevotella intermedia
- Taneralla forsythia
- Treponema (spirochetes)
CF 3P 2T
List the characteristic histopathology of a periodontal abscess:
- acute inflammatory infiltrate
- vascular hyperemia & thrombosis
- lysis of collagen matrix in the lamina propria and the gingival fibers
- ulceration and apical proliferation of the JE
- osteoclastic mediated bone resorption
A periodontal abscess in a periodontitis patient could represent a period of:
disease exacerbation
A periodontal abscess in a periodontal patient could represent a period of disease exacerbation due to: (5)
- tortuous pocket
- furcation involvement
- vertical defect
- composition of microflora
- decreased host defense
When is a periodontal abscess in a periodontitis patient due to an acute exacerbation?
- in untreated periodontitis
- in patients non-responsive to periodontal therapy
- patients on supportive periodontal therapy
A periodontal abscess in a periodontitis patient can form after _____ and so there is need for _____
treatment (post-scaling & post-surgery); post-medication (antimicrobials & nifedepine)
List some causes of a periodontal abscess in non-periodontitis patients: (5)
- impaction of foreign bodies
- harmful habits
- orthodontic factors
- gingival enlargement
- alteration of root surfaces
List some examples of alteration of root surfaces that may lead to a periodontal abscess in non-periodontitis patients:
- dens invaginatus
- cemental tears
- enamel pearls
- perforations (iatrogenic)
- severe root damage (VRF or CTS)
- external root resorption
What are the clinical signs of a periodontal abscess: (10)
- pain
- localized swelling & fluctuance
- purulent exudate
- deep periodontal pocket
- vital pulp
- fistula
- tooth mobility
- sensitivity to percussion
- low-grade fever
- lymphadenopathy
The following are all ____ of _____
- pain
- localized swelling & fluctuance
- purulent exudate
- deep periodontal pocket
- vital pulp
- fistula
- tooth mobility
- sensitivity to percussion
- low-grade fever
- lymphadenopathy
Clinical signs of periodontal abscess
List some differential diagnosis for periodontal abscess:
- periapical abscess
- acute pulpitis
- tooth or root fracture
- pericoronitis
- lateral periodontal cyst
- gingival cyst
- periapical abscess
- acute pulpitis
- tooth or root fracture
- pericoronitis
- lateral periodontal cyst
- gingival cyst
These are all:
differential diagnosis for periodontal abscess
List some complications of periodontal abscesses:
- tooth loss (up to 45% of teeth with perio abscesses in maintenace are extracted)
- bacteremia (following abscess treatment)
- chronic or episodic bacteremia from untreated periodontal disease
One complication of perio abscess is tooth loss. Provide the statistic:
Up to 45% of teeth with perio abscesses in maintenance are extracted
A complication of perio abscess is bacteremia. This can be chronic or episodic from untreated perio disease OR following abscess formation.
Both statements true
List the potential treatment options for a perio abscess: (5)
- Non-surgical drainage & debridement with LA
- Surgical drainage for large abscess
- Surgical therapy with flap reflection, debridement with ultrasonic, sutures
- Antibiotics if systemic infection indicated by fever or lymphadenopathy
- Reevaluation and any further needed therapy
Non-surgical drainage and debridement for treating a perio abscess is typically done under:
Local anesthetic
When would surgical drainage be a likely treatment option for a perio abscess?
Large abscess
Describe surgical therapy for treatment of a perio abscess:
- Surgical therapy with flap reflection
- debridement with ultrasonic
- sutures
When would antibiotics be indicated for perio abscess treatment?
If systemic infection is indicated by:
1. fever
2. lymphadenopathy
What are the components of diagnosis with dealing with a perio abscess?
- Health history + medications
- Dental history
- Current perio status
- Current status of effected tooth
- PA radiographs
- clinical exam
- determine etiology
When taking the health history and medications for patient with a perio abscess, you should look out for:
- diabetes
- systemic antibiotic use
When diagnosing a perio abscess, how can the current status of the affected tooth be determined?
- cold & EPT tests vital
- pain on percussion
What type of radiographs should be taken for a potential perio abscess?
PA radiographs
What should you be looking for when clinically examining a patient when diagnosing a perio abscess?
- redness
- swelling
- purulent discharge
- lymphadenopathy