Acute Pain Flashcards
Define Pain
Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage or potential damage.
Pain is subjective and its an emotional experience
What is acute pain
results from actual or potential tissue damage.
“protect from damage”
What is chronic pain
Pain that last longer than the tissue healing process
may occur without a biological purpose
pain diffuse non specific
What is nociceptive pain
pain from physical or potential damage
what is neuropathic pain
Pain arising from damage to the nerve system.
It is due to disease or injury.
also known as neuralgia/ neurogenic
Is not relieved by opioids
What is the treatment for nociceptive pain
opioids
What is the Pain Biopsychosocial model
Biological: extent of illness of injury
psychological: fear, guilt, anxiety, depression, helplessness
social: The response of others to pain, demands of work, access to medical care
What are the biological factors affecting pain?
Biological factors initiate maintain and modulate pain
genetic tolerance
Stress pain modulation
What is genetic tolerance
The way the CNS proses and transmits pain information
How does stress modulates pain perception
A person under stress will exacerbate pain
What psychological factors affect pan
psychological factors influence the perception of pain
psychological stressors increase the likelihood of disease.
How do social factors affect pain
How the environment and people interact with the patient
expectations influence how pain is managed
Self management for a patient experiencing acute pain involves:
- The patient managing their recovery completely independent of the practitioner
- The patient taking an active role in their recovery
- The practitioner instructing the patient on what they should do to manage their recovery
- All of the above
- The patient taking an active role in their recovery
With regard to education for patients experiencing low back pain, evidence suggests:
- Written information is as effective as inperson education
- Two hours of in person patient education improves outcomes
- Six 5 minute sessions of inperson patient education improves outcomes
- None of the above
- None of the above
or - Two hours of in person patient education improves outcomes (missing usual care)
Education for a patient experiencing acute pain should include:
- Education about maintaining activity
- Education about the neurophysiology of pain
- Education about pain management strategies
- All of the above
- All of the above
A key feature of an active management plan for a patient experiencing acute pain is:
- Identifying previous pain experiences
- Identifying pain tolerance
- Identifying the capacity to learn
- Identifying the willingness to learn
- Identifying willingness to learn
What the 6 steps of the active management plan for acute patients?
- Identify patients goals 2.Identify expectations 3.Identify willingness to learn
- Identify preferred method of learning
- First consult advice: Keep active, explanation of pain mechanisms, take home materials
- Planning of ongoing education approach
What are the phases of tissue healing time?
Hemostasis
inflammation
proliferation
remodeling
How long does the homeostasis phase last?
4-6 h bleeding
what are the 3 stages of homostesis?
vascular spasm
platele plug formation
blood coagulation
How long does the inflammation phase last?
3-4 days swelling redness and pain
How long does the proliferation phase last?
4 weeks
fibroblast laying new collagen
epithelial bridges form
How long does the remodeling phase last?
months to years
dermal tissue maturation
decrease celular activity
How long does muscle healing time take?
grade 1 = 2-3 weeks
grade 2 = 3-6 weeks
grade 3= 3 months after surgeries
How long does tendon healing time take?
primary = 3-7 weeks secondary = 6 - 12 weeks tertiary= 3-6 months
How long does ligament healing time take
grade 1 = 1-4 weeks
grade 2 = 3-24 weeks
grade 3= 6 week to >1yr
How long do bone healing time take
6-8 week average
Phalanges – 3 weeks •Metacarpals: 4-6 weeks •Distal radius: 4-6 weeks •Lower arm: 8-10 weeks •Humerus 6-8 weeks •Femoral neck: 12 weeks •Femoral shaft: 12 weeks •Tibia: 10 weeks
Nociceptive pain:
a) Is usually acute
b) Usually resolves when tissues heal
c) Is the most common type of pain
d) All of the above
d)All of the above
Education for a patient experiencing acute pain should include:
a) Education about maintaining activity
b) Education about the neurophysiology of pain c)Education about pain management strategies
d) All of the above
d)All of the above
