Acute Kidney Injury Cecil Med

Question 1

COMMON RENAL TUBULAR TOXINS

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides
Radiocontrast agents
Acyclovir
Cisplatin
Sulfonamides
Methotrexate
Cyclosporine
Tacrolimus
Amphotericin B
Foscarnet
Pentamidine
Ethylene glycol
Toluene
Cocaine
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Question 2

MEDICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE
INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

B-lactam Antibiotics

Answer 2

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Ampicillin
Methicillin
Nafcillin

Question 3

MEDICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE
INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

Diuretics

Answer 3

Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Triamterene

Question 4

MEDICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE
INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

Other Antibiotics

Answer 4

Sulfonamides
Vancomycin
Rifampin
Acyclovir
Indinavir

Question 5

MEDICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE
INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

NSAIDS

Answer 5

Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Indomethacin

Question 6

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
CLASSIFICATION

stag 1

Answer 6

Serum Creatinine
1.5-1.9 times baseline
OR
≥0.3 mg/dL (≥26.5 μmol/L) increase

Urine output

Question 7

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
CLASSIFICATION

stage 2

Answer 7

Serum Creatinine
2.0-2.9 times baseline

Urine output

Question 8

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
CLASSIFICATION

stage 3

Answer 8

Serum Creatinine
OR
Increase in serum creatinine to
≥4.0 mg/dL (≥353.6 μmol/L)
OR
Initiation of renal replacement therapy
OR
In patients

Question 9

CONDITIONS THAT LEAD TO ISCHEMIC ACUTE
RENAL FAILURE

Intravascular volume depletion
and hypotension

Answer 9

Hemorrhage; gastrointestinal, renal, and dermal

losses

Question 10

CONDITIONS THAT LEAD TO ISCHEMIC ACUTE
RENAL FAILURE

Decreased effective intravascular
volume

Answer 10

Heart failure, cirrhosis, hepatorenal syndrome,

peritonitis

Question 11

CONDITIONS THAT LEAD TO ISCHEMIC ACUTE
RENAL FAILURE

Systemic vasodilation, renal
vasoconstriction

Answer 11

Sepsis, hepatorenal syndrome

Question 12

CONDITIONS THAT LEAD TO ISCHEMIC ACUTE
RENAL FAILURE

Large-vessel renal vascular disease

Answer 12

Renal artery thrombosis or embolism,
intraoperative arterial cross-clamping, renal
artery stenosis, cholesterol emboli

Question 13

CONDITIONS THAT LEAD TO ISCHEMIC ACUTE
RENAL FAILURE

Small-vessel renal vascular disease

Answer 13

Sepsis, vasculitis, atheroembolism, hemolyticuremic
syndrome, malignant hypertension,
scleroderma, preeclampsia, sickle cell
anemia, hypercalcemia, transplant rejection

Question 14

CONDITIONS THAT LEAD TO ISCHEMIC ACUTE
RENAL FAILURE

Impaired renal blood flow

Answer 14

Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, ACEIs, ARBs,

NSAIDs, radiocontrast agents

Question 15

FENa and BUN/Creatinine Values

Prerenal

Answer 15

20

Question 16

FENa and BUN/Creatinine Values

Intrarenal

Answer 16

Tubular necrosis ≥1%
Interstitial nephritis ≥1%
Glomerulonephritis (early)

Question 17

FENa and BUN/Creatinine Values

Postrenal

Answer 17

≥1% >20

Question 18

Urinalysis Findings

Prerenal

Answer 18

Normal or hyaline casts

Question 19

Urinalysis Findings

Intrarenal

Answer 19

Intrarenal

Tubular cell injury - Muddy-brown, granular, epithelial casts

Interstitial nephritis - Pyuria, hematuria, mild proteinuria,
granular and epithelial casts, eosinophils

Glomerulonephritis - Hematuria, marked proteinuria, red blood
cell casts, granular casts

Vascular disorders - Normal or hematuria, mild proteinuria

Question 20

Urinalysis Findings

Postrenal

Answer 20

Normal or hematuria, granular casts, pyuria

Question 21

FENA =

Answer 21

(Urine Urea X Plasma Cr)/
(Plasma Urea X Urine Cr urea)
×100

Question 22

Tubular cell injury

Answer 22

Muddy-brown, granular, epithelial casts

Question 23

Interstitial nephritis

Answer 23

Pyuria, hematuria, mild proteinuria,

granular and epithelial casts, eosinophils

Question 24

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 24

Hematuria, marked proteinuria, red blood

cell casts, granular casts

Question 25

Vascular disorders

Answer 25

Normal or hematuria, mild proteinuria