Acute Injuries of the Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Knee joint type

A

Hinge-type synovial joint

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2
Q

Articular surfaces of the knee joint

A

Femoro-tibial (lateral medial) and the femoropatellar

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3
Q

What questions should be asked with theres a presentation of a knee injury

A

Type of injury, systemic symptoms (indication of infection), chronology, sounds

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4
Q

How does a meniscal injury of the knee occr

A

Twisting movement on a loaded fixed knee

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5
Q

What will the patient describe if they have a meniscal injury

A

Slow swelling, painful “squelch”, painful to weight bear and a locked knee

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6
Q

How does an ACL tear occur

A

Forward momentum on a fixed leg with or without rotation

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7
Q

Clinical presentation of ACL tears

A

Painful pop, quick swelling, able to weight bear with strange dull pain

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8
Q

Collateral tear clinical presentation

A

Lateralised pain, “crack” and sharp pain, no swelling, bruising on the other side of the knee

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9
Q

X-rays are the fastest way of showing up

A
•	Fractures
•	Loose bodies
•	Ligament avulsion
•	Osteochrondral defect
•	Degenerative joint defect
Lipohaemarthrosis
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10
Q

Ultrasound useful for

A
  • Tendon rupture
  • Meniscal tears
  • Swelling
  • Cysts
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11
Q

Indications for knee surgery

A
  • Failure of conservative treatment
  • Demands of work
  • Demands of sport
  • Problems with daily activities
  • Prevention of further joint injury
  • Prevention of falls
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12
Q

Non-surgical management of acute knee injuries

A
  • Restoration of function
  • Physiotherapy
  • Analgesia
  • Swelling reduction
  • Range of motion
  • Normal movement
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13
Q

Why is surgery indicated for meniscal tear in young patients

A

It protects the joint surface and reduced risk of degenerative changes further down the line

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14
Q

State the different surgical options for meniscal repair

A
  • Meniscal Repair
  • Partial meniscectomy
  • Meniscal transplantation
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15
Q

Load transmission of meniscus

A

The radial component of the loading force is balanced by tensile stresses developed in the circumferentially orientated fibres.

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16
Q

Who is entitled to meniscal repair

A
  • Young
  • Sporty
  • Fresh tears – up to three months
  • Healthy meniscus
  • Red/red or red/white zones are what are surgically repaired
17
Q

Failure rate of meniscal repair

A

1:5

18
Q

State the ways in which ACL can be repaired

A

Full ACL rehab, ACL reconstruction

19
Q

State the reasons for surgery of ACL

A
  • Prevention further injury
  • Back to work
  • Back to sport
  • Prevention of osteoarthritis
20
Q

Different methods of Osteochondral injury repair

A
  • debridement
  • Reattachment of the fragment
  • Removal of loose bodies
  • Microfracture chrondroplasty – stimulate the surface underneath to promote bleeding. The surface forms a super-clot which then turns into hyaline cartilage.