Acute Inflammation Flashcards
What are some of the causes of acute inflammation?
Trauma, issue necrosis, infections, immune reactions, foregin bodies, and physical and chemical trauma
Name some of the chemical mediators of inflammation?
Histamines, serotonin, postaglandins.
How does starlings law affect fluid loss to the different tissues?
Increased osmotic pressure means increased flow of fluid out of vessles, and increased colloid ostomic pressure pushes fluid out of the vessels.
What is the difference between an exudate and a transudate?
An exudate has a much higher protein content, formed by a higher permeability of the vessels to the protein content, whereas transdute has a higher fluid content and is formed when there is a higher amount of osmotic pressure, such as in areas where there is higher venous pressure such as cardiac failure.
Name the stages that deliver plasma proteins to the endothelium of different blood vessels.
Summoned to the place of injury (chemotaxis), activation to a higher metabolic level, and stick to the endothelial surface in a process that is called margination.
What is the process after plasma proteins have been marginated to the endothelial surface?
They crawl through the endotheial layer by the process of diapeedisis, they recognise bacteria and attach in a process called attahcement, and they engulf bacterium in a process that is called phagocytosis.
How do neutrophils escape blood vessels?
Movement, digestion of vascular basement membrane, cell contraction (due to cytosketal reorganisation)
What are the two killing mechanisms that neutrophils may use?
O2 dependant (using superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) and 02 independent (using. Lysosomes and hydrolyses)
How does exudation of fluid combat cell injury?
Delivers proteins to the site of injury, including immunoglobins, inflammatory mediators, and increases lympathic drainage and reduces toxins.
What are some of the local complications of acute inflammation?
Exudate may causing compression, eg cardiac tamonafe, or serositis, there may be loss of fluid in the case of burns, there may be pain and loss of function, there may be blockage of tubes in the bile duct or in the small intestine, and also there may be pain and loss of function.
What re the systemic affects of acute inflammation?
Leukocytosis, fever, and shock
What are the possible outcomes of acute inflammation?
Complete resolution, chronic inflammation and fibrous repair, possible with tissue regeneration, death.
What are some of the morphological changes seen in the resolution of acute inflammation?
Changes gradullay reverse, fibrin is degraded by plasma proteases, exudate drains to the lymphatics, vascular changes stop.
Name two disorders involving acute inflammation
Bacterial meningitis, and lobular pneumonia.
What sort of necrosis is seen in absecesses?
Liquative necrosis is seen in the centre of abscesses.
