Acute Inflammation

Question 1

Inflammation is induced by ?

Answer 1

chemical mediators that are

produced by host cells in response to injurious stimuli.

Question 2

The steps of the inflammatory response: ?

Answer 2

1) Recognition of the injurious agent, (2) Recruitment of leukocytes (3) Removal of the agent (4) Regulation (control) of the response (5) Resolution (repair)

Question 3

The external manifestations of inflammation (cardinal signs): ?

Answer 3

1.Heat (calor) 2.Redness (rubor) 3. Swelling (tumor) 4.Pain (dolor) 5.Loss of function (functio laesa)

Question 4

Acute inflammation : characterized by ? Generally

Answer 4

1.Rapid in onset. 2.Short duration(few minutes to
as long as a few days). 3.Fluid and plasma protein
exudation. 4.Neutrophilic leukocyte
accumulation.

Question 5

Chronic inflammation Characterized by ? Generally

Answer 5

1.Insidious onset. 2.longer duration (days to years). 3.Influx of lymphocytes and
macrophages. 4.Vascular proliferation and
fibrosis (scarring).

Question 6

Acute inflammation

Causes ?

Answer 6

1.Infections (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic) 2.Trauma. 3.physical and chemical agents . 4.Tissue necrosis. 5.Foreign bodies. 6.Immune reactions.

Question 7

Acute inflammation has two major components ?

Answer 7

1. Vascular changes

2. Cellular events

Question 8

Vascular Changes in acute inflammation in general ?

Answer 8

1.Transient vasoconstriction (lasting only for seconds)
2.Vasodilation
3. Increase vascular permeability leading to fluid leak and
formation of exudates
4. Arteriolar vasodilation occurs, resulting in locally increased blood
flow
5. redness (erythema) and warmth
6. blood to become more concentrated,
7. increasing blood viscosity
8. slowing the circulation. (stasis).
9. stasis develops, leukocytes (principally neutrophils) begin to
accumulate along the vascular endothelial surface—a process
called margination.

Question 9

painful

enlargement of the draining lymph nodes is named ?

Answer 9

lymphadenitis

Question 10

Cellular Events in acute inflammation : Main cells are ?

Answer 10

leukocytes (neutrophils

Question 11

The cellular events are:

Answer 11

1) Margination and rolling along the vessel wall (2) Firm adhesion to the endothelium. (3) Transmigration between endothelial cells. (4) Migration in interstitial tissues toward chemotactic stimulus.

Question 12

Process of leukocyte accumulation at the periphery of vessels is
called?

Answer 12

margination

Question 13

weak and transient interactions involved in rolling are mediated
by?

Answer 13

selectin

Question 14

Firm adhesion to endothelial surfaces:

This adhesion is mediated by ?

Answer 14

integrins expressed on leukocyte

Question 15

Migration of leukocytes is driven by?

Answer 15

chemokines

Question 16

mediates the binding events needed for leukocytes to cross the
endothelium.
?

Answer 16

platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) ,

Question 17

After passing through the endothelium, leukocytes secret
??? that enable them to pass through the vascular
basement membrane

Answer 17

collagenases

Question 18

Phagocytosis consists of three steps:

Answer 18

1) Recognition of the particle to the ingesting leukocyte (2) Engulfment and formation of a phagocytic vacuole (3) killing and degradation of the ingested material

Question 19

Vascular and cellular events in acute inflammation are under control of ?

Answer 19

chemical mediators.

Question 20

Types of chemical mediators. ?

Answer 20

1. CELL DERIVED: • Produced locally by cells at the site of inflammation,
2. PLASMA DERIVED: • Derived from circulating inactive precursors that are activated at
   the site of inflammation

Question 21

Example of cell inflammation mediators ?

Answer 21

1. Histamine
2. Serotonin
   Prostaglandin

Question 22

Examples off plasma derived inflammation mediators a ?

Answer 22

1, complement

2. Kinins
3. Proteases

Question 23

MORPHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION?

Answer 23

1. Serous inflammation
2. Fibrinous inflammation
3. Suppurative (purulent) inflammation :
4. ulcer:

Question 24

Characterized by watery, relatively protein-poor fluid that ,
collecting in the site of injury ? Which type of MORPHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION:
?

Answer 24

Serous inflammation

Question 25

skin blister resulting from a burn or viral infection. \ MORPHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION?

Answer 25

1.Serous inflammation

Question 26

Occurs as a consequence of severe injuries, resulting in greater vascular permeability. Histologically, there is accumulated extravascular fibrin appears eosinophilic . ?

Answer 26

Fibrinous inflammation

Question 27

characteristic of inflammation in the lining of body cavities, such as the meninges, pericardium, and pleura.? MORPHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION:

Answer 27

fibrinous exudate

Question 28

Characterized by presence of large amounts of purulent exudate (pus) consisting of neutrophils, necrotic cells, and edema fluid. Certain organisms (e.g., staphylococci) are more likely induce the reaction. ? MORPHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION: ?

Answer 28

3.Suppurative (purulent) inflammation :

Question 29

focal collections of pus. ?

Answer 29

Abscesses

Question 30

Fluid in a serous cavity is called an?

Answer 30

effusion

Question 31

Local defect, or excavation, of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by necrosis of cells and sloughing (shedding) of inflammatory necrotic tissue. MORPHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION: ?

Answer 31

ulcer

Question 32

Ulcer It is most commonly occur in: ?

Answer 32

(1) Inflammatory necrosis of the mucosal surface. ( 2) Tissue necrosis of extremities in persons who have circulatory disturbances.

Question 33

Out come of acute inflammation: ?

Answer 33

1.Resolution 2.Healing by scarring and fibrosis 3.Progress to chronic inflammation