Acute Hyperglycemic Control Flashcards
What is the most common cause of DKA/HHS?
Infection
What are the 3 reasons why hyperglycemia develops?
Increased gluconeogenesis, accelerated glycogenolysis, and impaired glucose utilization
Increased released for free FA and hepatic FA oxidation leads to what?
Increased ketone production = ketoacidosis = DKA
What is the main metabolic product of ketones?
Beta Hydroxybutyrate
What are the 3 components of ketones?
Beta hydroxybutytrate, acetoacetate, and acetone
What are the clinical similarities between DKA and HHS?
Hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphasic, weight loss, N/V, dehydration, poor skin turgor, weakness, mental status changes, tachycardia, and hypotension
What are the clinical presentations specific to DKA?
Rapid onset, high ketones, kussmaul respirations, fruity breath odor, and abdominal pain
What are the clinical presentations that are specific to HHS?
Onset over several days to weeks, mild or no ketones, seizures
What is the minimum glucose cutoff for DKA?
250
What is the arterial pH range for MILD DKA?
7.25-7.30
What is the arterial pH range for MODERATE DKA?
7.0-7.24
What is the arterial pH range for SEVERE DKA?
<7
What is the serum bicarb range for MILD DKA?
15-18
What is the serum bicarb range for MODERATE DKA?
10-14
What is the serum bicarb range for SEVERE DKA?
<10
What is positive in DKA across all stages?
Urine and Serum Ketones
What is the anion gap for MILD DKA?
> 10
What is the anion gap for MODERATE DKA?
> 12
What is the anion gap for SEVERE DKA?
> 12
What is the glucose value for HHS?
600
What is the arterial pH for HHS?
> 7.3
What is the serum bicarb in HHS?
> 15