acute heartr failrure and pulmonary oedmea

Question 1

definiition?

Answer 1

AHF is the term used to describe the repid onset of or change in symptoms and signs of HF. It is a life threateing conditon that requirs immediate medical attention

has de novo presentation and acute deompensation of chronic heart failure

Question 2

aetiologiy?

Answer 2

— Accelerated hypertension
— Acute volume overload
— Acute myocardial ischaemia
— Acute myocarditis
— Arrhythmias: AF, VT, VF.
— Infective endocarditis
— Acute mechanical valvular problems: mitral
regurgitation, aortic regurgitation.
— Peri partum cardiomyopathy

Question 3

presentation?

Answer 3

Dyspnoea, tachypnoea.
— Hypoxia
— Arrhythmias, tachycardia, bradycardia.
— Peripheral and central oedema
— Hypotension, hypertension.
— Reduced urine output.
— Cold periphery
— Restlessness, confusion.
— Shock

Question 4

AHF treatment?

Answer 4

— Immediate attention
— Close monitoring
— Level II/III care
— Improve symptoms
— Stabilisation
— Long term management
— Prevent relapse
— O2
— Diuretics
— Vasodilators
— Opiates
— Inotropes
— Mechanical circulatory
support
— Ventilatory support
— Dietary, fluid restriction.

— O2: Use only if SaO2 <90%, vasoconstrictor and may
reduce cardiac output. Heart 2010, 96:533-538.
— Diuretics: IV frusemide, immediate vasodilator effect
and subsequent diuretics effect. NEJM 2011, 364:797-805.
— Vasodilators: nitrates, nesiritide. Useful in
hypertension, caution in MS/AS. NEJM 2011, 365:32-43.
— Opiates: anxiolytic, respiratory depressant.
— Mechanical support: IABP, LVAD.
— Ventilation: NIV, Intubation. N

Question 5

pulmonary oedema treament?

Answer 5

Question 6

goals for AHF?

Answer 6