Acute Drug effects and drug interactions Flashcards
What is an adverse drug effect
Response to a drug that is noxious and unintended and occurs at a dose normally used in a man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of a disease for the modification of physiological function
What are some drugs commonly used that can cause ADRs
Antibiotics
Anticoagulants
Analgesics
Antihypertensives
What are the risk groups of ADRs
Children and elderly
What is a type A ADR
Augmented
dose dependent
predictable
common
mild
What is a type B ADR
Bizarre
dose independent
unpredictable
high morbidity/mortality
allergic reactions
What is a type C ADR
Chronic/cumulative
uncommon
withdrawal - slowly
What is a type D ADR
Delayed
uncommon - dose and time related
occurs some time after the drug has been started
What is a type E ADR
End of use
uncommon
withdrawal effect
reintroduce the drug and wean it down slowly
What is a type F ADR
Failure
dose related
increase in dose and consider
due to drug interactions
potential drug interactions
What is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Immediate
anaphylaxis
breathing, airway, circulation
Treatment for anaphylaxis
Adrenaline (IM)
chlorphenamine (IV)
hydrocortisone (IV)
What is a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction
Cytotoxic antibodies
IgG or IgM
What is a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
tissue injury by immune complexes
What is a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
No antibodies present
Typically manifest as skin eruptions in response to drugs , cosmetics and environmental changes
What is a pseudoallergic reaction
Mimic type 1
anaphylactoid
