Acute Diabetes Complications Flashcards
Hypoglycemia
Too much insulin in proportion to available glucose in the blood. Less than 70 mg
Hypoglycemia manifestations
light headedness, diaphoresis, shakiness, palpitations, cold clammy skin
Hypoglycemia treatment
Eat or drink 15 g of rapid carb, wait 15 min & check glusoe
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Caused by profound deficiency of insulin, high blood sugar
DKA manifestations
Dry mucous membranes, tachy, orthostatic hypotension, lethargy and weakness, kussmaul respirations, sweet fruity breath. BG greater than or equal to 250 mg, blood pH lower than 7.30, HCO3 less than 16
DKA management
Ensure patent airway, establish IV access, monitor for fluid overload, IV regular insulin drip, monitor and replace potassium before starting insulin therapy
SIADH
“soaked inside”
too much ADH
Most common cause is cancer
SIADH manifestations
Stop urinating Sticky thick urine Soaked inside Sodium low Seizures Severe high BP Stop all fluids (add salt)
SIADH treatment
Discontinue ADH stimulating drugs, give furosemide, demeclocycline, slow infusion of IV hypertonic saline, vasopressor receptor antagonists (conivaptain & tolvaptan).
If chronic, fluid restriction of 800-100 mL/day
Diabetes Insipidus
“dry inside”
little or no ADH
SIADH vs DI
SIADH: low serum osmolality & low urine output
DI: high serum osmolality & high urine output
DI manifestations
polydipsia, polyuria, severe dehydration, decreased BP
DI treatment
IV hypotonic saline or dextrose 5%, monitor BP, HR, urine output, hormone therapy (desmopressin - mimics ADH), vasopressin, carbamazepine
Addison’s Disease
reduction of cortisol, aldosterone, & androgen
Addison’s manifestations
Added pigment & potassium Decreased weight Decreased BP, hair, glucose, and energy Sodium loss Salt craving
