Acute coronary syndrome

Question 1

What is acute coronary syndrome?

Answer 1

Acute coronary syndrome is a set of signs and symptoms due to decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries such that part of the heart muscle is unable to function properly or dies.

so is an infarct basically

Question 2

What are common symptoms seen?

Answer 2

The most common symptom is chest pain, crushing and central and associated with nausea and sweating.

The chest pain often radiating to the left shoulder or angle of the jaw,

Question 3

What 3 clinical manifestations is ACS associated with?

Answer 3

STEMI, NSTEMI, Unstable angina

Question 4

ACS and MI are the same thing then no?

Answer 4

No.
There can be some variation as to which forms of myocardial infarction (MI) are classified under acute coronary syndrome.

ACS should be distinguished from stable angina, as this develops on exertion!

Question 5

What is the pathophysiology of ACS?

Answer 5

In those who have ACS, atheroma rupture is most commonly found 60% when compared to atheroma erosion (30%), thus causes the formation of thrombus which block the coronary arteries.

Question 6

via which mechanism does cocaine lead to ACS?

presentation?

Answer 6

By causing coronary artery spasms which causes an element of myocardial ischaemia leading;

May present as chest pain, palpitations, tachycardia

Question 7

mx of stable angina?

Answer 7

Aspirin daily
Statin

if anginal sx:
Bblocker - CCB if asthma
GTN
Acei

Question 8

CARDS ARE ON Y3 - ELs

Question 9

Lead elevation mm significance in STEMI?

Answer 9

Inferior leads need to be at least 1mm elevation. Chest leads at least 2mm