Acute/chronic inflammation Flashcards
What are the 4 signs of inflammation
redness, swelling, heat, pain
describe the vascular changes in inflammation
transient vasoconstriction of arterioles->vasodilation and increased blood flow
slowing of the circulation because of increased permeability of the microvasculature (stasis)
exudation of fluid and plasma proteins (oedemaa)
What is the difference between exudate and pus
Exudate-inflammatory extravascular fluid that has a high protein concentration and cellular debris
pus-purulent exudate rich in leucocytes (mostly neutrophils) and parenchymal cell debris
How does movement of cells into infammatory lesion happen
blood cells normally move rapidly through centre of blood vessels (don’t stick to endothelial cells))
Histamine+thrombosis factor->weidd palade bodies (subcellular organelles) release cell adhesion molecules (p selectin, e selectin) on endothelial surface->margination of neutrophils (rolling), sticks to endothelial cell because loses momentum->release of cheemokines that attract neutrophils along a concentration grad->interaction between integrin molecules on leukocytes and endothelial adhesion mollecules such as ICAM-1 makes firmer connection to allow diapedesis and extravasation
What is chemotaxis and what is its main inducers
the unidiredcttional migration of cells towards a chemokine
Inducers: bacterial products, components of the complement system, particularly c5a, Products of lioxygenase pathway of archidonic acid metabolism, particularly leukotriene B4
What is diapedesis and extravasation
diapedesis=movement acrosss endothelium
extravasation=movement of cells into tissues following the chemokine gradient
What follows acute inflammation
ref. notes
what is chronic inflammaation associated with
presence of lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cell=mononuclear cellss
proliferation of blood vessels and connective tissue (fibroblasts)
How does granuloma develop
ref. notes
