Acute Care Lesson 1 Flashcards
What is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
AKI is a sudden decrease in kidney function, leading to an accumulation of waste products in the blood.
True or False: AKI can be reversible.
True
What are the three main categories of AKI?
Prerenal, intrinsic renal, and postrenal.
Fill in the blank: Prerenal AKI is primarily caused by __________.
decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
What is a common cause of intrinsic renal AKI?
Acute tubular necrosis.
True or False: Postrenal AKI is caused by obstruction in the urinary tract.
True
What laboratory test is primarily used to assess kidney function?
Serum creatinine.
What is the significance of a rise in serum creatinine levels?
It indicates a decline in kidney function.
What is the typical threshold for defining AKI based on serum creatinine?
A rise of 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours.
What are some common symptoms of AKI?
Decreased urine output, swelling, fatigue, and confusion.
Fill in the blank: The RIFLE criteria is used for __________.
classifying the severity of AKI.
What does the ‘R’ in RIFLE stand for?
Risk.
What are the potential complications of AKI?
Fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and uremia.
True or False: AKI can lead to chronic kidney disease if not treated.
True
What imaging modality is often used to evaluate kidney structure in AKI?
Ultrasound.
What is the primary goal in the management of AKI?
To restore kidney function and prevent complications.
Fill in the blank: One treatment option for AKI is __________ restriction.
fluid.
What is the role of diuretics in AKI management?
To manage fluid overload.
What is a common cause of prerenal AKI in hospitalized patients?
Hypovolemia due to dehydration or blood loss.
True or False: Nephrotoxic medications can cause intrinsic renal AKI.
True
What is the most common nephrotoxic agent associated with AKI?
Aminoglycosides.
Fill in the blank: The term ‘oliguria’ refers to urine output of less than __________ mL per day.
400.
What is the potential role of dialysis in AKI?
To remove toxins and excess fluid when kidneys are unable to function.
What is the most important preventive measure for AKI in at-risk patients?
Maintaining adequate hydration.
True or False: AKI can occur in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease.
True
What is the acronym used to classify the severity of AKI based on serum creatinine and urine output?
RIFLE.
What does the ‘F’ in RIFLE stand for?
Failure.
What can be a long-term consequence of AKI?
Increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease.
Fill in the blank: Early recognition and treatment of AKI can __________ outcomes.
improve.
What is one of the first signs of AKI?
Decreased urine output.
What electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen in AKI?
Hyperkalemia.
True or False: AKI can be caused by infections.
True
What type of AKI can result from severe allergic reactions?
Intrinsic renal AKI.
Fill in the blank: The __________ scale is used to assess the severity of AKI based on urine output.
KDIGO.
What does KDIGO stand for?
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes.
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
To filter waste products from the blood.
Fill in the blank: AKI is characterized by a rapid decline in __________.
glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
True or False: The prognosis of AKI varies depending on the underlying cause.
True
What is an important factor in the recovery of kidney function after AKI?
Timely identification and treatment.
What can be used to estimate GFR in clinical practice?
The Cockcroft-Gault equation.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a common complication of AKI that can lead to heart problems.
Hyperkalemia.
What is the term for kidney injury caused by systemic diseases?
Secondary AKI.
True or False: Chronic conditions like diabetes can increase the risk of AKI.
True
What is the role of a nephrologist in managing AKI?
To provide specialized care and consult on complex cases.
What lifestyle modification can help prevent AKI?
Maintaining a healthy diet and hydration.
Fill in the blank: The presence of __________ in urine can indicate acute tubular injury.
casts.
What does the term ‘prerenal azotemia’ refer to?
Elevated nitrogen waste products in the blood due to decreased kidney perfusion.
True or False: All cases of AKI require dialysis.
False
