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AKI cards > Acute Care Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Acute Care Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

A

AKI is a sudden decrease in kidney function, leading to an accumulation of waste products in the blood.

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2
Q

True or False: AKI can be reversible.

A

True

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3
Q

What are the three main categories of AKI?

A

Prerenal, intrinsic renal, and postrenal.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Prerenal AKI is primarily caused by __________.

A

decreased blood flow to the kidneys.

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5
Q

What is a common cause of intrinsic renal AKI?

A

Acute tubular necrosis.

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6
Q

True or False: Postrenal AKI is caused by obstruction in the urinary tract.

A

True

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7
Q

What laboratory test is primarily used to assess kidney function?

A

Serum creatinine.

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8
Q

What is the significance of a rise in serum creatinine levels?

A

It indicates a decline in kidney function.

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9
Q

What is the typical threshold for defining AKI based on serum creatinine?

A

A rise of 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours.

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10
Q

What are some common symptoms of AKI?

A

Decreased urine output, swelling, fatigue, and confusion.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The RIFLE criteria is used for __________.

A

classifying the severity of AKI.

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12
Q

What does the ‘R’ in RIFLE stand for?

A

Risk.

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13
Q

What are the potential complications of AKI?

A

Fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and uremia.

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14
Q

True or False: AKI can lead to chronic kidney disease if not treated.

A

True

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15
Q

What imaging modality is often used to evaluate kidney structure in AKI?

A

Ultrasound.

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16
Q

What is the primary goal in the management of AKI?

A

To restore kidney function and prevent complications.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: One treatment option for AKI is __________ restriction.

A

fluid.

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18
Q

What is the role of diuretics in AKI management?

A

To manage fluid overload.

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19
Q

What is a common cause of prerenal AKI in hospitalized patients?

A

Hypovolemia due to dehydration or blood loss.

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20
Q

True or False: Nephrotoxic medications can cause intrinsic renal AKI.

A

True

21
Q

What is the most common nephrotoxic agent associated with AKI?

A

Aminoglycosides.

22
Q

Fill in the blank: The term ‘oliguria’ refers to urine output of less than __________ mL per day.

A

400.

23
Q

What is the potential role of dialysis in AKI?

A

To remove toxins and excess fluid when kidneys are unable to function.

24
Q

What is the most important preventive measure for AKI in at-risk patients?

A

Maintaining adequate hydration.

25
Q

True or False: AKI can occur in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease.

A

True

26
Q

What is the acronym used to classify the severity of AKI based on serum creatinine and urine output?

A

RIFLE.

27
Q

What does the ‘F’ in RIFLE stand for?

A

Failure.

28
Q

What can be a long-term consequence of AKI?

A

Increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: Early recognition and treatment of AKI can __________ outcomes.

A

improve.

30
Q

What is one of the first signs of AKI?

A

Decreased urine output.

31
Q

What electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen in AKI?

A

Hyperkalemia.

32
Q

True or False: AKI can be caused by infections.

A

True

33
Q

What type of AKI can result from severe allergic reactions?

A

Intrinsic renal AKI.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ scale is used to assess the severity of AKI based on urine output.

A

KDIGO.

35
Q

What does KDIGO stand for?

A

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes.

36
Q

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

A

To filter waste products from the blood.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: AKI is characterized by a rapid decline in __________.

A

glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

38
Q

True or False: The prognosis of AKI varies depending on the underlying cause.

A

True

39
Q

What is an important factor in the recovery of kidney function after AKI?

A

Timely identification and treatment.

40
Q

What can be used to estimate GFR in clinical practice?

A

The Cockcroft-Gault equation.

41
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a common complication of AKI that can lead to heart problems.

A

Hyperkalemia.

42
Q

What is the term for kidney injury caused by systemic diseases?

A

Secondary AKI.

43
Q

True or False: Chronic conditions like diabetes can increase the risk of AKI.

A

True

44
Q

What is the role of a nephrologist in managing AKI?

A

To provide specialized care and consult on complex cases.

45
Q

What lifestyle modification can help prevent AKI?

A

Maintaining a healthy diet and hydration.

46
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of __________ in urine can indicate acute tubular injury.

A

casts.

47
Q

What does the term ‘prerenal azotemia’ refer to?

A

Elevated nitrogen waste products in the blood due to decreased kidney perfusion.

48
Q

True or False: All cases of AKI require dialysis.

A

False

AKI cards (3 decks)

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