Acure Care Lesson 2 Flashcards
What is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
AKI is a sudden decrease in kidney function, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood.
True or False: AKI can occur over hours to days.
True
What are the common causes of AKI?
Common causes include dehydration, infections, medications, and obstruction of the urinary tract.
Fill in the blank: AKI is characterized by an increase in serum ________.
creatinine
What is the typical definition of AKI based on serum creatinine levels?
An increase of 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours, or an increase of 1.5 times the baseline within the past 7 days.
What are the three classifications of AKI?
Prerenal, intrinsic renal, and postrenal.
True or False: Prerenal AKI is caused by issues within the kidney itself.
False
What is intrinsic renal AKI primarily caused by?
Damage to the kidney tissue, often due to toxins, ischemia, or inflammation.
Fill in the blank: Postrenal AKI is caused by ________ of urine flow.
obstruction
Which population is at the highest risk for developing AKI?
Patients in hospitals, particularly those in intensive care units.
What laboratory test is commonly used to assess kidney function?
Serum creatinine test.
True or False: Urine output is a reliable indicator of AKI.
True
What is the significance of a urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour?
It is indicative of oliguria, which can suggest AKI.
What imaging studies can help diagnose AKI?
Ultrasound and CT scans.
Fill in the blank: The RIFLE criteria is used to classify the severity of ________.
AKI
What does the acronym RIFLE stand for?
Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage kidney disease.
What is the primary treatment for prerenal AKI?
Restoration of renal perfusion, often through fluid resuscitation.
True or False: Dialysis is always required for patients with AKI.
False
What are potential complications of untreated AKI?
Fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and uremia.
Fill in the blank: AKI can lead to chronic kidney disease if ________ is not managed properly.
kidney function
What is the role of nephrologists in managing AKI?
They provide specialized care and guidance for patients with kidney dysfunction.
What does the term ‘oliguria’ refer to?
Reduced urine output.
True or False: AKI is reversible if treated promptly.
True
What is a common medication that can cause intrinsic AKI?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Fill in the blank: The ________ scale is used to assess the risk of AKI in hospitalized patients.
AKI
What is the purpose of renal replacement therapy?
To remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood in patients with severe AKI.
What is the primary prevention strategy for AKI?
Identifying and managing risk factors.
True or False: All cases of AKI require hospitalization.
False
What is the expected outcome for most patients with AKI?
Full recovery of kidney function.
What is the significance of urine sodium concentration in AKI diagnosis?
It helps differentiate between prerenal and intrinsic renal causes.
Fill in the blank: The ________ index can help assess the degree of kidney injury.
fractional excretion of sodium (FENa)
What are some risk factors for developing AKI?
Age, pre-existing kidney disease, diabetes, and dehydration.
True or False: AKI can be caused by acute glomerulonephritis.
True
What is the significance of recognizing AKI early?
Early recognition allows for timely intervention, which can prevent progression.
Fill in the blank: The ________ criteria are used to classify the severity of AKI based on urine output.
AKIN
What does AKIN stand for?
Acute Kidney Injury Network.
What is a common symptom of AKI?
Decreased urine output.
True or False: All patients with AKI experience symptoms.
False
What is the importance of monitoring kidney function in high-risk patients?
To detect AKI early and initiate appropriate management.
Fill in the blank: AKI can lead to ________ if not properly managed.
chronic kidney disease
What is the role of hydration in the prevention of AKI?
Adequate hydration helps maintain renal perfusion and function.
True or False: AKI is more common in older adults.
True
What is a common laboratory finding in patients with AKI?
Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.
Fill in the blank: ________ is a common imaging technique used to assess the kidneys in AKI.
Ultrasound
What can cause postrenal AKI?
Obstruction from kidney stones, tumors, or enlarged prostate.
True or False: AKI can be associated with severe infections.
True
What does the term ‘anuria’ refer to?
Absence of urine production.
Fill in the blank: The ________ is a key indicator of kidney function.
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
What is one of the first steps in managing AKI?
Identifying and correcting the underlying cause.
True or False: AKI can occur after major surgeries.
True
What role does diabetes play in AKI?
Diabetes can increase the risk of kidney damage and AKI.
Fill in the blank: ________ therapy may be necessary for patients with severe AKI.
Dialysis
What should be monitored in patients with AKI?
Electrolytes, fluid balance, and kidney function.
