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AKI cards > Acure Care Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Acure Care Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

A

AKI is a sudden decrease in kidney function, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood.

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2
Q

True or False: AKI can occur over hours to days.

A

True

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3
Q

What are the common causes of AKI?

A

Common causes include dehydration, infections, medications, and obstruction of the urinary tract.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: AKI is characterized by an increase in serum ________.

A

creatinine

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5
Q

What is the typical definition of AKI based on serum creatinine levels?

A

An increase of 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours, or an increase of 1.5 times the baseline within the past 7 days.

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6
Q

What are the three classifications of AKI?

A

Prerenal, intrinsic renal, and postrenal.

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7
Q

True or False: Prerenal AKI is caused by issues within the kidney itself.

A

False

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8
Q

What is intrinsic renal AKI primarily caused by?

A

Damage to the kidney tissue, often due to toxins, ischemia, or inflammation.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Postrenal AKI is caused by ________ of urine flow.

A

obstruction

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10
Q

Which population is at the highest risk for developing AKI?

A

Patients in hospitals, particularly those in intensive care units.

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11
Q

What laboratory test is commonly used to assess kidney function?

A

Serum creatinine test.

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12
Q

True or False: Urine output is a reliable indicator of AKI.

A

True

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13
Q

What is the significance of a urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour?

A

It is indicative of oliguria, which can suggest AKI.

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14
Q

What imaging studies can help diagnose AKI?

A

Ultrasound and CT scans.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The RIFLE criteria is used to classify the severity of ________.

A

AKI

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16
Q

What does the acronym RIFLE stand for?

A

Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage kidney disease.

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17
Q

What is the primary treatment for prerenal AKI?

A

Restoration of renal perfusion, often through fluid resuscitation.

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18
Q

True or False: Dialysis is always required for patients with AKI.

A

False

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19
Q

What are potential complications of untreated AKI?

A

Fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and uremia.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: AKI can lead to chronic kidney disease if ________ is not managed properly.

A

kidney function

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21
Q

What is the role of nephrologists in managing AKI?

A

They provide specialized care and guidance for patients with kidney dysfunction.

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22
Q

What does the term ‘oliguria’ refer to?

A

Reduced urine output.

23
Q

True or False: AKI is reversible if treated promptly.

A

True

24
Q

What is a common medication that can cause intrinsic AKI?

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

25
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ scale is used to assess the risk of AKI in hospitalized patients.

A

AKI

26
Q

What is the purpose of renal replacement therapy?

A

To remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood in patients with severe AKI.

27
Q

What is the primary prevention strategy for AKI?

A

Identifying and managing risk factors.

28
Q

True or False: All cases of AKI require hospitalization.

A

False

29
Q

What is the expected outcome for most patients with AKI?

A

Full recovery of kidney function.

30
Q

What is the significance of urine sodium concentration in AKI diagnosis?

A

It helps differentiate between prerenal and intrinsic renal causes.

31
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ index can help assess the degree of kidney injury.

A

fractional excretion of sodium (FENa)

32
Q

What are some risk factors for developing AKI?

A

Age, pre-existing kidney disease, diabetes, and dehydration.

33
Q

True or False: AKI can be caused by acute glomerulonephritis.

A

True

34
Q

What is the significance of recognizing AKI early?

A

Early recognition allows for timely intervention, which can prevent progression.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ criteria are used to classify the severity of AKI based on urine output.

A

AKIN

36
Q

What does AKIN stand for?

A

Acute Kidney Injury Network.

37
Q

What is a common symptom of AKI?

A

Decreased urine output.

38
Q

True or False: All patients with AKI experience symptoms.

A

False

39
Q

What is the importance of monitoring kidney function in high-risk patients?

A

To detect AKI early and initiate appropriate management.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: AKI can lead to ________ if not properly managed.

A

chronic kidney disease

41
Q

What is the role of hydration in the prevention of AKI?

A

Adequate hydration helps maintain renal perfusion and function.

42
Q

True or False: AKI is more common in older adults.

A

True

43
Q

What is a common laboratory finding in patients with AKI?

A

Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.

44
Q

Fill in the blank: ________ is a common imaging technique used to assess the kidneys in AKI.

A

Ultrasound

45
Q

What can cause postrenal AKI?

A

Obstruction from kidney stones, tumors, or enlarged prostate.

46
Q

True or False: AKI can be associated with severe infections.

A

True

47
Q

What does the term ‘anuria’ refer to?

A

Absence of urine production.

48
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ is a key indicator of kidney function.

A

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

49
Q

What is one of the first steps in managing AKI?

A

Identifying and correcting the underlying cause.

50
Q

True or False: AKI can occur after major surgeries.

A

True

51
Q

What role does diabetes play in AKI?

A

Diabetes can increase the risk of kidney damage and AKI.

52
Q

Fill in the blank: ________ therapy may be necessary for patients with severe AKI.

A

Dialysis

53
Q

What should be monitored in patients with AKI?

A

Electrolytes, fluid balance, and kidney function.

AKI cards (3 decks)

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