Acute Care Equipment Flashcards
What is this?
Arterio-venous (AV) Fistula
Arterio-venous (AV) Fistula - Purpose and Clinical Consideration
Purpose/Decription
- Provides access for hemodialysis
- Fistula is the surgical joining of an artery and vein, allowing arterial blood to flow directly to a vein.
- Usually located in the forearm.
Clinical Consideration
- Do not use BP cuff on involved extremity
- Avoid pressure over site
- Palpable turbulence (rush of fluid) is normal
What is this?
Tube going into veins near the heart
Central (Venous) Line
Central (Venous) Line
Purpose
- Provides vascular access for repeated blood sampling or administration of drugs or fluid
Clinical Consideration
- Do not use a blood pressure cuff on same extremity as central line
- Central venous pressure (CVP) normal value = 0-8 mmHg
- Don’t need to memorize value
What is this?
Chest Tube
Chest Tube
Purpose: Remove and prevent re-entry of fluid from pleural space
Clinical Manifestations:
- May cause discomfort
- Drainage system should be BELOW level of tube insertion
- Avoid tipping collection reservoir
- If dislodged, stop activity and notify nursing
- Should not limit patient’s activity
What is this?
Endotracheal Tube
Endotracheal Tube
Purpose:
- Required to maintain open airway or provide ventilatory support (Through nose, into trachea forming an airway)
- Secured by balloon cuff near end of tube.
- Cuff ensures O2 being delivered enters lungs and help hold artificial airway in place.
Clinical Consideration:
- Cuff leak should be considered if patient is able to make audible sounds.
- Notify nurse or respiratory therapist if cuff leak is suspected.
- Can be used to suction patient of excess oral secretions.
What is this?
Tracheostomy Tube
Opening directly into the trachea. Someone might have this is for long term.
Tracheostomy Tube
Purpose:
- Identical in purpose to endotracheal tube but may be used for longer time is airway support is required.
- Inserted into anterior trachea below vocal cords.
- Reduces laryngeal injury, improves oral comfort
May be used for suctioning.
Clinical Manifestations:
- Cuff leak should be considered if patient is able to make audible sounds.
- Notify nurse or respiratory therapist if cuff leak is suspected.
- Can be used to suction patient of excess oral secretions.
What is this?
Nasogastric Tube
Nasogastric Tube (NGT)
Purpose:
- Keeps the stomach empty after surgery and rests the bowel
- Tube inserted through nostril, esophagus, and into stomach
- Held in place with tape across the nose
Clinical Considerations:
- Ask nursing if the tube may be disconnected from suction to mobilize patient
What is this?
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastronomy/Jejunostomy Tube (PEG/PEJ)
PEG/PEJ
Purpose:
- Provides long-term access for nourishment to patients unable to tolerate food via mouth
- Feeding tube in stomach or jejunum through abdominal wall
Clinical Cosiderations:
- Place tube feedings on hold when head of bed is flat to minimize risk of regurgitation or aspiration
What is this?
Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter (PICC)
PICC
Purpose:
- Long term administration of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), medications, or fluids
- Catheter placed via cephalic or basilic veins terminating in superior vena cava
Clincial Manifestations:
- Do not use BP cuff of involved extremity
- Encourage ROM of involved extremity
- Axillary crutches may be contraindicated
What is this?
Colostomy/Ileostomy Pouch
What is this?
Rectal Pouch/Tube
Rectal Pouch/Tube
Purpose:
- Temporary collection of bowel drainage
- Protects fragile skin from contact with feces
- Pouch placed externally or tube place internally in rectum
Clinical Considerations
- Easily dislodged
- Use draw sheet when moving patient in bed
- Keep collection bag below level of insertion
What is this?
Suprapubic Catheter
Suprapubic Catheter
Purpose:
- Drains bladder temporarily after some bladder surgeries or severe voiding dysfunction
- Catheter placed in bladder through surgical insertion in lower abdominal wall
Clinical Manifestations:
- Keep collection bag below level of the bladder
What is this called?
Surgical Drain
Surgical Drain
Purpose:
- Removes blood or fluid from a surgical site that would otherwise collect internally
Clinical Considerations:
- Be aware of drain location when moving patient
- Tubing may be taped or pinned to patient’s skin or clothes to prevent tugging
What is this?
Urinary (Foley) Catheter
Foley Catheter
Purpose:
- Temporarily drains and collects urine from bladder
- Tube inserted through urethra into the bladder that drains into a collection bag
- Held in place internally by an inflated cuff
Clinical Considerations
- Be aware of the position of the catheter
- Keep below the bladder to allow drainage by gravity
- More practice time in spring Acute Care
What is this?
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (VP)
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Purpose:
- Drain excess CSF from the brain into abdominal cavity or heart
- Shunt tunneled under skin from cerebral ventricles into collection cavity
Clinical Considerations
- Shunt can often be palpated under the skin
- Avoid excess pressure over the shunt
