Acute and Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
Inflammation
A reaction to injury or infection involving cells such as neutrophils and macrophages
When can inflammation be good?
In infection and injury- for fighting off and healing
When can inflammation bad?
In autoimmunity, or in an over-reaction to a stimulus
Acute Inflammation
Onset?
Duration?
Does it Resolve?
Cells?
Sudden onset
Short duration
Usually resolves
Lots of neutrophils
Chronic Inflammation
Onset?
Duration?
Cells?
Slow Onset (often a sequel to Acute)
Long Duration
Lots of Macrophages
Cells In Inflammation
Neutrophil Polymorphs, Macrophages, Lymphocytes, Endothelial Cells, Fibroblast
Neutrophil Polymorphs
Short Lived
First to appear in acute inflammation
Cytoplasmic granules with enzymes to kill bacteria
Die at inflammation
Release chemical to attract other inflammatory cells such as macrophages
Which cells are the first to appear in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Long Lived (weeks to months)
Phagocytic properties
Ingest Bacteria
Carry debris away
May antigen present to lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
Long Lived (years)
Produce chemicals which attract other inflammatory cells
Immunological Memory
Plasma Cells- Produce Antibodies (lots of RER)
Endothelilal Cells
Line capillary blood vessels in inflammation
Sticky to adhere to inflammatory cells
Porous- inflammatory cells pass through
Grow into areas of damage to form new vessels
Fibroblasts
Long lived
Forms collagen in area of chronic inflammation and repair
Which inflammation occurs in appendicitis?
Acute Inflammation
- unknown precipitating factor
- neutrophils appear
- blood vessels dilate
- inflammation of serosal surface occurs
What happens in Septic Shock?
There is inflammation
All blood vessels open
Decrease in BP
Development from Acute Inflammation
Acute –> Chronic –> Fibrosis
Acute –> resolution
Acute –> suppuration –> Discharge of Pus
Acute –> suppuration –> Repair & Organisation –> fibrosis
