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anatomic pathology > Acute and Chronic Inflammation > Flashcards

Acute and Chronic Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation

A

Protective response of living tissues to any form of damage.

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2
Q

Two functions of inflammation

A

Remove pathogenic insults

Remove damaged tissue components

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3
Q

Classification

A

Acute

Chronic

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4
Q

Inflammation is a component of adaptive system.T/F

A

False- it is innate

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5
Q

Stages of acute inflammation

A

Initiation
Amplification of response
Destruction of offending agents
Termination

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6
Q

Phases of acute inflammation

A

Vascular

Cellular

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7
Q

Chronic inflammation o cuts of acute doesn’t succeed. T/F

A

True

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8
Q

PAMP
DAMP

What do they do

A

Pathogen Associated Microbial Pattern

Danger(Damage) Associated Microbial Pattern

They are recognized by pattern recognition receptors(PRR) and cause the gene activation of chemical mediators that cause inflammation

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9
Q

Examples of PRR(Pattern recognition receptors)

A

Toll-like receptors
NOD(Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain)
C-type lectin receptors
Cytoplasmic caspases

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10
Q

During the initation process, there is a transient vasoconstriction proceed by vasodilation

A

True

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11
Q

What causes
Rubor - redness
Calor- increased temperature

A

Increased blood flow to area

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12
Q

What causes tumour

A

Vascular endothelial cell retraction with exudates and leucocytes

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13
Q

What amplifies the process of initiation

A

Chemical mediators produced by the leucocytes

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14
Q

What causes

dolor - pain

and

function Lasae- Loss of function

A

Chemical mediators stimulating nerve endings

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15
Q

Initiator of acute inflammation

A

Sentinel cells(macrophages)

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16
Q

Where are the chemical mediators like(cytokines) produced from
What stimulates them

A

Sentinel leukocytes

17
Q

What stimulates the sentinel leucocytes to initiate the process

A

Pattern recognition receptors

18
Q

Inflammatory cells of acute inflammation

A

PMNs(Neutrophils)
Platelets
Mast cells

19
Q

Inflammatory cells of chronic inflammation

A

Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells

20
Q

What is a strong initiator of acute inflammation

A

Interleukins-1(cytokine)

21
Q

What are the two important functions of mediators

A

Recruitment of leukocytes through(chemotactic factors such as cytokines(chemokines)

Vasodilation and vascular endothelial retraction through(vasoactive mediators)- Histamine, NO, serotonin

22
Q

Growth factors are produced by what to cause repairs

A

Macrophages

23
Q

What is resolution

A

Termination of inflammatory response, after the offending agent has been removed with the process of repair continued

24
Q

Resolution involves what process

A

Gene silencing

Reprogramming

25
Q

Anti-inflammatory agents include

A

IL-6,10,11,12,13

26
Q

Adhesion molecules produced by the endothelium and leukocytes respectively

A

P & E selectin

L selectin

L and P selectin binds losely q

27
Q

Cyclooxygenase pathway is inhibited by

A

Aspirin

28
Q

Cyclooxygenase pathway is involved in

A

Vascular endothelial retraction
Vasodilation
Platelet aggregation

29
Q

5-lipoxygenase pathway is involved in

A

Bronchospasm

30
Q

Two important inflammatory cytokines are

A

IL-1

TNF

31
Q

The key factor in chronic inflammation is

A

Macrophage activity

32
Q

In chronic inflammation, lymphocytes and macrophages activate each other by producing cytokines. True/False

A

True

33
Q

Functions of TH17

A

Produces cytokines that recruits Neutrophils

34
Q

Macrophages presents antigens to T-lymphocytes. T/F

A

True

35
Q

What is a granuloma formation

A

This is a protective mechanism designed to isolate a foreign agent by accumulation of activated macrophages

anatomic pathology (4 decks)

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