actual final Flashcards
1
Q
applied
A
social importance
2
Q
behavior
A
observable events
3
Q
analysis
A
functional relationships
4
Q
generailty
A
maintenance, durable over time and situations
5
Q
conceptually systematic
A
everything relates back to the same basic principe
6
Q
technology
A
all aspects fo the experiment are well and clearly defined
7
Q
effective
A
significant behavior change (like if the results actually significant)
8
Q
functional relations
A
IV, DV, reliability, validity… etc
9
Q
Reliability:
A
not repeating events, but repeating the same measurement
10
Q
validity
A
accurately showing results
11
Q
Total agreement formula
A
reliability= smaller/larger
12
Q
interval agreement
A
reliability= number of agreements/ total intervals (agreeing that behavior occurred)
13
Q
exact agreement
A
reliability= number of EXACT agreements (agreeing that the number of behaviors occurred)
14
Q
which reliability calc is the most precise?
A
proportional
15
Q
experimental design types
A
AB reversal multiple baselines multi elemental changing criterion
16
Q
AB
A
not really a legit design bc it doesn’t show experimental control
17
Q
Reversal
A
alternating between treatments
18
Q
multiple baselines
A
can have different subjects, behaviors, etc.
19
Q
changing criterion
A
goal setting (like reducing cigarettes), decreasing graph data points
20
Q
multi elemental
A
switching back and forth between multiple conditions, multiple times, rapidly.
Like if multiple base lines and reversal had a baby
21
Q
six points of a graph
A
axis units data points phase change line phase change labels axes
22
Q
frequency plot
A
data for each individual session, graphed separately
23
Q
cumulative record
A
each data point is added on from the previous point
24
Q
Reinforcement
A
a stimulus change that strengthens behavior based on a contingent response, if then statement
25
Ratio schedules
number of responses dictates a reinforcer
26
interval schedules
if behavior is shown after a certain amount of time, reinforcement is given
27
ex of variable interval
checking on phone-- a certain amount of time that passes (that changes) gives the reward of a new notification
28
extinction
withholding reinforcer to weaken behavior
29
what kinda behavior is hard ot get rid of?
behavior with automatic Sr,
30
Operant extinction:
consequences of behavior, what happen after the behavior is important
31
respondent extinction :
presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus
32
antecedent manipulation types
EO, stimulus control
33
Stimulus control types
Discriminative, Sd, S delta
34
Sd
if behavior occurs, then there is a reinforcement
35
S delta
if behavior occurs, reinforcement is not given
36
establishing operations
makes the stimulus more effective
37
EO categories
deprivation and aversive stimulation
38
EO mainipulation
remove and create
39
effects of EO
momentary value of Sr increase, and probability of R is increased.
40
Generalization types
stimulus and resposne
41
stimulus generalization
same response, different stimulus
42
response generalization
same stimulus, different response
43
ex of stimulus generalization
kid hits mom for attention, and begins to hit dad for attention .
44
ex of response generalization
kid who hits mom for attention begins to spit on mom
45
functional analysis
identify the maintaining varible (source of reinforcement) for a behavior
46
methods for conducting functional analysis assessments
indirect, descriptive, and functional
47
indirect
attempts to gather behavior without direct observation
48
descriptive
direct observation of behavior
49
functional
experimental, manipulation of suspected controlling variables
50
advantage of indirect
easy
51
disadvantage of indirect
subjective
52
adv of descriptive
more objective
53
dis of descriptive
harder, more time consuming
54
adv of functional
identifies relations between environment and behavior
55
dis of functional
very complex.
56
dis of functional
very complex.
57
dis of functional
very complex.
58
2 types of reinforcement (not positive or negative)
social and sensory
59
what is a kind of manipulation to an experiment?
stimulus control
60
stimulus control
remove the Sd for an inappropriate behavior
61
Punishment
decrease of behavior contingent on response
62
two types of - punishment
time out
| response cost
63
2 types of positive punishment
overcorrection and SIBIS
64
what are punishments effects on behavior
- rapid R suppression
- increased sensitivity to Sr for alt R
- emotional behaviors (escape and avoidance)
- influences behavior of the punisher
65
Shaping
modification of response through differential reinforcement of succession approximations to a target behavior
66
Shaping
modification of response through differential reinforcement of succession approximations to a target behavior
67
when is shaping used?
used when R is unlikely to occur naturally, or when R is not responsive to instruction, or when people initially refuse to do R
68
successive approximations
person starts to exhibit new behavior more often and exhibits previous behavior less often until target behavior is achieved
69
whats a critical factor for the success of shaping?
timing-- so that the subject knows what action is being reinf
70
chaining
responses linked to prior terminal reinf that jump start the next behavior, making a chain of multiple behaviors
71
forward chaining:
instructions begin with first link
72
backwards chaining
instructions begin with the last link and move forward
73
total task preparation
entire chain is taught simultaneously, w assistance as needed
74
advantage of forward
subject learns the behaviors in the order it is supposed to occur
75
dis of forward chaning
disadvantage of
76
dis of forward chaning
later responses go unnoticed/ not reinforced
77
dis of forward chaning
later responses go unnoticed/ not reinforced
78
Adv of backwards chaining
reinf always follows the completion of the final task
79
disad of backwards chaining
learned earlier responses go unnoticed
80
adv of total task prep
allows for uneven response acquisition
81
disadv of total task prep
involves greatest response requirement
82
response cost versus time out
response cost is a loss of a specific reinforcer where timeout is loss of the access to the reinforcer
83
SIB behavior study iwata dorsey DV
SIB
84
SIB behavior study iwata dorsey IV
disapproval, reprimand, comfort contact, ignoing
85
SIB behavior study iwata dorsey IV
disapproval, reprimand, comfort contact, ignoring, etc
86
SIB behavior study iwata dorsey experimental design
multi elemental
87
SIB behavior study iwata dorsey limits
No treatment data; clinical utility unknown
| Conditions may not reflect naturalistic contingencies
88
SIB behavior study iwata dorsey extensions
Use as basis for treatment development
| Application with other behavior disorders
89
SIB behavior study iwata dorsey DV
SIB
90
SIB behavior study iwata dorsey what is the automatic Sr
alone condition and Undifferentiated responding
91
SIB behavior study iwata dorsey what was the social Sr+
attention condition
92
SIB behavior study iwata dorsey what was the social Sr-
demand condition
93
two types fo differential reinforcement
DRO and DRA
94
DRO
contingent on other behaviors, reinf for the subject if they do ANY behavior besides the target behavior
95
DRA
contingent on an
96
DRA
contingent on an a specific alternate response
97
adv of DRO
easy to implement
98
disadv of DRO
doesnt teach an alternative, needs constant monitoring
99
adv of DRA
teaches alt R
100
disadv of DRA
constant monitoring
101
advantage of NCR
maybe no ext burst, easier ot implement than DRO
102
Vollmer role of attention in treatment of attention maintained SIB DV
measure: R(SIB) per minute in DRO/NCR
103
Vollmer role of attention in treatment of attention maintained SIB design
multi elemental
104
Vollmer role of attention in treatment of attention maintained SIB IV
attention, demand, alone, play
105
Vollmer role of attention in treatment of attention maintained SIB results
NCR and DRO both effective in reducing SIB
106
Vollmer role of attention in treatment of attention maintained SIB major contributions
Use of functional analysis to develop treatment Demonstration of therapeutic effects of NCR
107
Vollmer role of attention in treatment of attention maintained SIB limits
- Necessity of initially dense NCR schedule?
- NCR effects: Satiation vs EXT?
- NCR does not strengthen Alt R
108
Vollmer role of attention in treatment of attention maintained SIB extensions
-Applications with R maintained by different contingencies
109
Vollmer role of attention in treatment of attention maintained SIB extensions
-Applications with R maintained by different contingencies
110
respondent conditioning is also called
pavlovian or classical conditioning
111
respondent conditioning definition
contingency between two stimuli is considered a controlled behavior
112
Bear wolf ome Current Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis contributions
Defined ABA and proposed criteria for evaluation of ABA research Most frequently cited article in the field of ABA
113
SIBIS experiment: advantages of shock as aversive stimulus
- parameters are precise and consistent
- minimize risk
- stimulation delivered quickly and automatically
114
SIBIS experiment: disadvantage of shock
- socially questionable
| - experiences w shock were limited
115
SIBIS experiment: DV
SIB/ good behavior
116
SIBIS experiment: IV
baseline, helmet baseline, SIBIS baseline
117
SIBIS experiment: contributions
- Demonstration of automated, safe form of shock
- Generality across clients, experimenters, settings
- Inclusion of additional measures of effectiveness
118
SIBIS experiment: limits
- False positives and negatives
| - Limited fading of shock
119
SIBIS experiment:
- Shock fading, conditioned punishment, DRO / TO
| - Extension to other stimuli and/or behaviors
120
SIBIS experiment:
- Shock fading, conditioned punishment, DRO / TO
| - Extension to other stimuli and/or behaviors
