Activity and Exercise Chapter 31 Flashcards
Activity and Excercise involves what two things
Mobility and Body Mechanics
What is mobility
Interaction of bones, muscles, and the nervous system
What is body mechanics and what does it involve
The way people move. Involves their body alignment (posture) Balance Coordination Joint Mobility
When lifting someone what is the most important thing to use
the ergonomic lift if possible.
What principles of body mechanics are important to practice so that you so not cause injury to your body
Proper alignment wide base of support avoid bending and twisting squat to lift Keep objects close while lifting (10 lbs close to the core, 100 lbs arms length out) Raise the bed Push vs lift get help when needed
What 6 factors affect a patients mobility and activity
Life span (infants fall) Nutrition (Bone density, energy) Lifestyle ( Stress (Lack of Motivation) External Environment (Weather, Neiborhood) Disease (Sick, don't feel like it)
How many minutes of aerobic excercise is needed each week
150 min
What is excercise
Contraction and relaxation of muscles, can increase muscle tone and strength
What is the main point of excercise
bloodflow
Types of excercise
Isometric (hold) Isotonic (Lifting weights) Isokinetic (Machines) Aerobic (Excedes amount of oxygen) Anerobic (Does not exceed amount of o2)
What is one thing that you can do to maintain proper posture while sitting
avoid arching shoulders forward
Walking:
Increases HDL Protects the back Strenghens legs increases bloodflow stress reducer low impact, loss of bone mass
What are the benefits of excercise
Improves cardiovascular health increases muscle tone and flexibility enhances the immune system promotes weight loss (but not always) decreases stress increases overall feeling of well being
Effects of immobility include
Muscle attrophy
Joint Dysfunction
Atelectasis/Pneumonia (collapsed lung)
Venous stasis (Blood stays where it is)
Increased Coagulability (clotting)
Orthostatic hypotention
Glucose intolerance (stays at basal rate)
Pressure ulcers
Constipation
Paralytic ileus (Bowels not moving so they die)
Urinary tract infection
Renal calculi (Kidney stone)
Depression
Sleep disturbances
Disorentation
Renal calculi
Kidney stone
Paralytic ileus
Bowels not moving so they die
Venous stasis
Blood stays where it is
What are nursing measures to promote excercise
- plan and vary excercise routine
- use the buddy system and rewards
- integrate excercise into routine activities
- attain target heart rate
It is important to check and incorporate what things when Positioning Patients
Proper alignment of hospital bed
Use of range of motion
Incorporation of pillows, wedges, side rails, overheadtrapeze, footboard, sandbags/trochanter rolls, splints
When Assisting with Ambulation….
May require conditioning exercises
Obtain appropriate assistive devices
Positioning Patients: Common positions
Fowler’s: High or semi- Lateral Prone Sims’ Supine
Prone
Stomach
Supine
Back
90% of patients in a Fowler’s position are at what degree in the bed
30 degrees up and 30 degrees to the side to prevent skin breakdown