Activity and Exercise

Question 1

achondroplasia

Answer 1

dwarfism

bones ossify prematurely

Question 2

pagets disease

Answer 2

metabolic bone dz
increased bone loss results in pain, pathological fractures and deformities.
usually affects skull, vertebrae, femur, pelvis

Question 3

vit D & ca

Answer 3

needed for formation and maintenance of bone
deficiency leads to porous bones
can lead to bow legs

Question 4

syndactylism

Answer 4

fusion of 2 or more fingers or toes

Question 5

DDH

developmental dysplasia of hip

Answer 5

congenital abnormality of development of femur, acetabulum or both

Question 6

club foot

talipes equinovarus

Answer 6

deformity of foot
4% of newborns
cast or surgery to correct

Question 7

scoliosis

Answer 7

lateral curvature of spine

Question 8

idiopathic scoliosis

Answer 8

unknown etiology

infantile, juvenile, adolescent

Question 9

osteoarthritis

Answer 9

djd
loss of articular cartilage in joint
pain, stiff, decreased ROM, crepitus
aggravated by weight bearing and joint use
relieved by resting
older, overweight

Question 10

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 10

systemic autoimmune dz
chronic inflammation of joints and surrounding connective tissue
joint pain, deformity, loss of function
fever, fatigue, weakness, weight loss
usually fingers wrist, elbow, ankle, knee
30-50 yr old range
most pain in am.

Question 11

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 11

chronic inflammatory joint dz
stiffening and fusion of spine and SI joints
inflammation where ligaments, tendons, joint capsule insert into bone
younger adults
low back pain, stiff, decrease ROM of spine
loss of convex lumbar curve; upper spine curve increase

Question 12

gout

Answer 12

inflammatory response to high level of uric acid

crystals in synovial fluid and small which nodules (tophi) in subcutaneous tissue

Question 13

osteoporosis

Answer 13

decrease in total bone density which occurs when osteoclast outpaces osteblast
bone collapses on itself
prevention is best treatment
Ca intake for >50 yrs = 1200 mg/day
vit D 800-1000 IV /day
decrease smoking, alcohol intake

Question 14

osteomyelitis

Answer 14

infection of bone

Question 15

fracture

Answer 15

break in bone

s/s - tenderness at site, loss of function, deformity, swelling,

Question 16

sprain

Answer 16

stretch injury of ligament causing ligament to tear

complete tear requires surgery to stabilize joint

Question 17

strain

Answer 17

injury to muscle caused by excess stress on muscle

Question 18

Virchows triad

Answer 18

a trilogy of symptoms associated with greater chnace of thrombus formation (DVT)

1. immobility
2. activation of clotting due to stasis
3. compression and injury of small vessels in legs

Question 19

paralytic ileus

Answer 19

cessation of peristalsis

Question 20

antalgic gait

Answer 20

limp to avoid pain when bearing weight on affected side

Question 21

propulsive gait

Answer 21

a stooped rigid posture with the head and neck bent forward; small shuffling steps with involuntary acceleration, aka festinating gait
common in parkinsons

Question 22

scissors gait

Answer 22

legs flexed slightly at hips and knees with thighs crossing in scissors like motion
common in cerebral palsy, stroke, spinal tumor

Question 23

spastic gait

Answer 23

stiff foot dragging walk caused by one sided, long term muscle contraction
seen with cerebral palsy, head trauma, brain tumor

Question 24

steppage gait

Answer 24

exaggerated motion of lifting the leg to avoid scraping toes of foot with a foot drop
seen with Guillain Barre syndrome

Question 25

waddling gait

Answer 25

distinctive rolling motion in which the opposite hip drops seen in muscular dystrophy or developmental dysplasia of the hip characteristic in late pregnancy

Question 26

target heart rate

Answer 26

220-age = maximum heart rate | target heart rate is percentage of maximum heart rate, usually about 50-85%

Question 27

Fowlers position

Answer 27

semisitting position head of bed elevated 45-60 degrees promotes respiratory function and benefits cardiac also

Question 28

semi fowlers position

Answer 28

head of bed only elevated to 30 degrees

Question 29

high fowlers position

Answer 29

head of bed elevated to 90

Question 30

orthopneic position

Answer 30

head elevated to 90 degrees and over bed table with pollow on top is in front of patient. patient leans forward and rests arms and head on pillow. SOB

Question 31

lateral position

Answer 31

side lying with top hip and knee flexed and placed in front of body. pressure on lower scap, ilium, trochanter.

Question 32

lateral recumbent position

Answer 32

side lying with legs in straight line

Question 33

oblique position

Answer 33

alternative to lateral position, less pressure on trochanter. turns on side with top hip and knee flexed but top leg is behind body

Question 34

prone position

Answer 34

on stomach allows full extension of hips and knees, allows secretions to drain freely from mouth. creates lordosis of back and rotation of neck.

Question 35

sims position

Answer 35

semi prone lower arm positioned behind patient, upper arm flexed. upper leg more flexed than lower leg. facilitates drainage from mouth, limits pressure on trochanter and sacrum. ideal for enema or perineal procedure

Question 36

supine

Answer 36

aka dorsal recumbent

Question 37

logrolling

Answer 37

special turning technique to keep spine straight

Question 38

single ended cane with straight handle

Answer 38

for patient with hand weakness who has good balance

Question 39

single ended cane with half circle handle

Answer 39

patient who needs minimal support and is able to negotiate stairs

Question 40

multiprong canes

Answer 40

good base of support for balance problems. | all have straight handle

Question 41

osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 41

brittle bones that fracture easily congenital bone and connective tissue infants born with fractures