Activity and Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

achondroplasia

A

dwarfism

bones ossify prematurely

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2
Q

pagets disease

A

metabolic bone dz
increased bone loss results in pain, pathological fractures and deformities.
usually affects skull, vertebrae, femur, pelvis

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3
Q

vit D & ca

A

needed for formation and maintenance of bone
deficiency leads to porous bones
can lead to bow legs

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4
Q

syndactylism

A

fusion of 2 or more fingers or toes

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5
Q

DDH

developmental dysplasia of hip

A

congenital abnormality of development of femur, acetabulum or both

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6
Q

club foot

talipes equinovarus

A

deformity of foot
4% of newborns
cast or surgery to correct

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7
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of spine

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8
Q

idiopathic scoliosis

A

unknown etiology

infantile, juvenile, adolescent

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9
Q

osteoarthritis

A
djd
loss of articular cartilage in joint
pain, stiff, decreased ROM, crepitus
aggravated by weight bearing and joint use
relieved by resting
older, overweight
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10
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

systemic autoimmune dz
chronic inflammation of joints and surrounding connective tissue
joint pain, deformity, loss of function
fever, fatigue, weakness, weight loss
usually fingers wrist, elbow, ankle, knee
30-50 yr old range
most pain in am.

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11
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic inflammatory joint dz
stiffening and fusion of spine and SI joints
inflammation where ligaments, tendons, joint capsule insert into bone
younger adults
low back pain, stiff, decrease ROM of spine
loss of convex lumbar curve; upper spine curve increase

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12
Q

gout

A

inflammatory response to high level of uric acid

crystals in synovial fluid and small which nodules (tophi) in subcutaneous tissue

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13
Q

osteoporosis

A
decrease in total bone density which occurs when osteoclast outpaces osteblast
bone collapses on itself
prevention is best treatment
Ca intake for >50 yrs = 1200 mg/day
vit D 800-1000 IV /day
decrease smoking, alcohol intake
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14
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection of bone

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15
Q

fracture

A

break in bone

s/s - tenderness at site, loss of function, deformity, swelling,

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16
Q

sprain

A

stretch injury of ligament causing ligament to tear

complete tear requires surgery to stabilize joint

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17
Q

strain

A

injury to muscle caused by excess stress on muscle

18
Q

Virchows triad

A

a trilogy of symptoms associated with greater chnace of thrombus formation (DVT)

  1. immobility
  2. activation of clotting due to stasis
  3. compression and injury of small vessels in legs
19
Q

paralytic ileus

A

cessation of peristalsis

20
Q

antalgic gait

A

limp to avoid pain when bearing weight on affected side

21
Q

propulsive gait

A

a stooped rigid posture with the head and neck bent forward; small shuffling steps with involuntary acceleration, aka festinating gait
common in parkinsons

22
Q

scissors gait

A

legs flexed slightly at hips and knees with thighs crossing in scissors like motion
common in cerebral palsy, stroke, spinal tumor

23
Q

spastic gait

A

stiff foot dragging walk caused by one sided, long term muscle contraction
seen with cerebral palsy, head trauma, brain tumor

24
Q

steppage gait

A

exaggerated motion of lifting the leg to avoid scraping toes of foot with a foot drop
seen with Guillain Barre syndrome

25
Q

waddling gait

A

distinctive rolling motion in which the opposite hip drops
seen in muscular dystrophy or developmental dysplasia of the hip
characteristic in late pregnancy

26
Q

target heart rate

A

220-age = maximum heart rate

target heart rate is percentage of maximum heart rate, usually about 50-85%

27
Q

Fowlers position

A

semisitting position
head of bed elevated 45-60 degrees
promotes respiratory function and benefits cardiac also

28
Q

semi fowlers position

A

head of bed only elevated to 30 degrees

29
Q

high fowlers position

A

head of bed elevated to 90

30
Q

orthopneic position

A

head elevated to 90 degrees and over bed table with pollow on top is in front of patient. patient leans forward and rests arms and head on pillow.
SOB

31
Q

lateral position

A

side lying with top hip and knee flexed and placed in front of body.
pressure on lower scap, ilium, trochanter.

32
Q

lateral recumbent position

A

side lying with legs in straight line

33
Q

oblique position

A

alternative to lateral position, less pressure on trochanter.
turns on side with top hip and knee flexed but top leg is behind body

34
Q

prone position

A

on stomach
allows full extension of hips and knees, allows secretions to drain freely from mouth.
creates lordosis of back and rotation of neck.

35
Q

sims position

A

semi prone
lower arm positioned behind patient, upper arm flexed.
upper leg more flexed than lower leg.
facilitates drainage from mouth, limits pressure on trochanter and sacrum.
ideal for enema or perineal procedure

36
Q

supine

A

aka dorsal recumbent

37
Q

logrolling

A

special turning technique to keep spine straight

38
Q

single ended cane with straight handle

A

for patient with hand weakness who has good balance

39
Q

single ended cane with half circle handle

A

patient who needs minimal support and is able to negotiate stairs

40
Q

multiprong canes

A

good base of support for balance problems.

all have straight handle

41
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

brittle bones that fracture easily
congenital
bone and connective tissue
infants born with fractures