Activity and Exercise Flashcards
What is the Role of Skeletal System in Movement?
Supports the soft tissues of the body
Protects crucial components of the body
Furnishes surfaces for the attachment of muscles, tendons, and ligaments
Provides storage areas for minerals and fat
Produces blood cells
What factors may affect movement and alignment?
Developmental considerations
Physical health
Muscular, skeletal, or nervous system problems
Problems involving other body systems
Mental health
Lifestyle
Attitude and values
Fatigue and stress
External factors
What are some factors that may alter movement and alignment in older adults?
Changes in health
Deviations in body alignment
Underlying issues
What are the benefits of having older adults perform moderate aerobic exercise?
May decrease the decline of ADLs
What should we as nurses assess that may prevent further decline in mobility of our patients?
Gait, movement, posture, alignment, joint structure, muscle mass, function, tone, strength & endurance
What is isotonic exercise?
Muscle shortening movement. Examples include carrying out ADLs, independently performing range-of-motion exercises, and swimming, walking, jogging, and bicycling. Potential benefits include increased muscle mass, tone, and strength; improved joint mobility; increased cardiac and respiratory function; increased circulation; and increased osteoblastic or bone-building activity
What is isometric exercise?
Muscle contraction without shortening. (i.e., there is no movement or only a minimum shortening of muscle fibers). Examples include contractions of the quadriceps and gluteal muscles, such as what occurs when holding a yoga pose. Potential benefits are increased muscle mass, tone, and strength; increased circulation to the exercised body part; and increased osteoblastic activity. Nurses should encourage both isotonic and isometric exercises for hospitalized patients with limited mobility.
What is isokinetic exercise?
Muscle contraction with resistance. The resistance is provided at a constant rate by an external device, which has a capacity for variable resistance. Examples include rehabilitative exercises for knee and elbow injuries and lifting weights. Using the device, the person takes the muscles and joint through a complete range of motion (the maximum degree of movement of which a joint is normally capable) without stopping, meeting resistance at every point. A continuous passive motion (CPM) device used postoperatively after joint surgery (e.g., total knee replacement) performs these same type exercises passively for the patient.
What are some effects that exercise have on the body?
Increased efficiency of the heart
Decreased heart rate and blood pressure
Increased blood flow to all body parts
Improved venous return
Increased circulating fibrinolysin (substance that breaks up small clots)
What effects does exercise have on the respiratory system?
Improved alveolar ventilation
Decreased work of breathing
Improved diaphragmatic excursion
What effects does exercise have on the Musculoskeletal System?
Increased muscle efficiency (strength) and flexibility
Increased coordination
Reduced bone loss
Increased efficiency of nerve impulse transmission
What effects does exercise have on the Metabolic Processes and GI system?
Increased triglyceride breakdown
Increased gastric motility
Increased production of body heat
Increased appetite
Increased intestinal tone, improving digestion and elimination
Weight control
What effects does exercise have on the Urinary system?
Because exercise increases circulation, this will help with blood flow to the kidneys.
What effects does exercise have on the skin?
The increased circulation nourishes the skin, making it appear healthier
What effects does exercise have psychosocially?
Increases energy, vitality, and general well-being
Improves sleep
Improves appearance - body image
Improves self-concept
Increases positive health behavior
