Activity 10: Simple Distillation Flashcards
one of the widely used techniques for separation and purification of liquid mixtures
Distillation
what component of the mixture will remain in the distilling flask
higher-boiling component
It’s only effective when the components of a liquid mixture have wide differences in boiling point
Simple Distillation
what component of the mixture will vaporize and condense by passing thru a condenser
lower-boiling component
There are several distillation methods:- and these are:
simple, fractional, steam and vacuum
What must be avoided to to ensure maximum efficiency in carrying out the process?
- superheating
- irregular ebullition or bumping
- temperature fluctuations
what test will be carried out to test the quality of the distillate
ignition test
Measures that must be adopted to ensure maximum efficiency:
a. use medium heat
b. add a few boiling chips
c. insulate the distilling flask and the T-tube
Ethanol vs. Water:
What will vaporize and condense first. Why
Ethanol because it has a lower boiling point than water
(a) observed boiling point of ethanol
(b) literature boiling point of ethanol
78° C
78.5 °C
In the experiment, what is/are the components of the distillate collected at 79deg C - 98 deg C range?
ethanol and H20
Is simple distillation effective in separating ethanol from its aqueous mixture? Why?
No. From the ignition test, there is still alcohol content up to the 7th fraction
Dangers in distilling an organic compound in an assembly that is tightly closed at every point and has no vent/opening to the atmosphere
this can build pressure and potentially burst. The resulting explosion can cause dangerous flying glass, hot, corrosive chemicals to spatter and potentially hazardous fumes to be released.
If the water inlet and water outlet are interconverted in the distillation set-up, will the distillation be still effective? Why?
No, the condenser will not be filled completely with water and distillation will not be efficient because temperature is greatly reduced and temperature difference is less significant between vapor and the condensing medium
Dangers in distilling low-boiling liquid e.g. tuba using a Bunsen burner
The flammable volatile liquid may catch fire.
Low boiling liquids tend to be flammable and have very low flash points. Since Bunsen burner uses an open flame, it can cause ignition of vapors from these substances leading to fire.
