Activities of Daily Living

Question 0

Purpose of Hygiene

Answer 0

• stimulate circulation
• sense of well-being
• to fulfill physical, social, emotional comforts
• health maintenance and safety

Question 1

Components of ADLs

Answer 1

• self-care activities necessary for independence
• feeding
• dressing
• toileting
• bathing/hygiene

Instruments of ADLs (IADLs)

• things we need to meet ADLs
• money, food, accommodation, bath supplies, schedules, etc.

Question 2

Hygiene Health Determinants

Answer 2

• culture
• religion
• income and social status
• physical environment
• developmental level
• personal health

Question 3

Feeding Guidelines

Answer 3

• wash hands
• check care plan for diet/tolerances/allergies
• right tray and name
• proper positioning (semi/high fowler’s)
• check for swallowing difficulties/risks on chart
• appropriate utensils
• observe for swallowing difficulties
• allow time for chewing and swallowing

Question 4

Psychosocial Feeding Factors

Answer 4

• embarrassment, resentment
• low self-esteem
• loss of autonomy
• depression
• isolation

Question 5

Alternative Elimination

Answer 5

• bedpan
• urinal
• commode
• catheter–>straight, indwelling, condom
• ostomy–>bowel/urinary
• incontinent brief

Question 6

Toileting Safety and Dignity

Answer 6

• privacy
• ensure safety
• allow sufficient time
• relaxation techniques
• relieve pain
• offer assistance immediately
• warm bedpan

Question 7

Importance of Client Mobility

Answer 7

• increased rate and depth of respiration
• increased circulation
• increased kidney function
• increased peristalsis
• increased muscle mass (prevents atrophy)
• prevents osteoporosis
• increased mental alertness

Question 8

Assessment before moving

Answer 8

• comfort level of client
• what client can do
• cooperation and understanding
• your strengths and knowledge
• assistance required
• postural hypotension
• client’s abilities and tolerance
• pain (analgesics?)
• coordination, strength, balance
• footwear
• independence and cooperation
• distance
• environment–>obstacles, spills, etc.

Question 9

Purpose of Positioning

Answer 9

• prevent muscle discomfort
• prevent pressure ulcers
• prevent damage to superficial nerves/blood vessels
• prevent contractures
• maintain muscle tone
• stimulate postural reflexes
• promote comfort

Question 10

Principles and Correct Body Alignment

Answer 10

• body in horizontal position
  
  • turned side to side
  • without lifting
• joints need different positions to maintain elasticity
• edema occurs when not moved
• joints in functional position less likely to develop contractures

Question 11

Principles of Body Mechanics

Answer 11

1) Wide base of support = greater stability
2) lower center of gravity = greater stability
3) balance maintained if line of gravity passes through base of support
4) face direction of movement
5) divide activity b/w arms and legs
6) rollings, turning, pulling less work than lifting
7) decreased friction =less work
8) decreased force=decreased risk
9) decreased fatigue
10) alternate rest and activity to reduce strain

Question 12

Other Body Mechanics

Answer 12

• maintain neutral lumbar lordosis
  
  • keep curve in low back
  • think about abs
  • lock back position before lifting
  • don’t hold breath
• avoid trunk flexion and rotation

No Lift Policies

• do not lift without mechanical
• prevent back injuries