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Biology 1 > Active Transport & Excretory system > Flashcards

Active Transport & Excretory system Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of the Excretory System

A
  • eliminate waste (urea, carbon dioxide) and toxins from the body
  • Regulate blood volume and blood pressure
  • regulate blood pH
  • balance body fluids by releasing excess water or holding onto it
  • produce urine
  • regulates the concentration of certain solutes in the blood
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2
Q

Path of Urine

A
  1. ***Kidney (urine formation)
  2. Ureter
  3. Bladder (urine storage)
  4. Urethra
  5. Exit the body - Toilet
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3
Q

nephron

A
  • filtration unit of the kidney*
  • produce filtrate
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4
Q

Filtration

A

the mass movement of water and solutes from plasma to the renal tubule that occurs in the renal corpuscle.

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5
Q

When does filtration begin?

A

when blood from the renal artery enters the glomerulus.

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6
Q

glomerulus

A

a small, dense network of capillaries where filtration occurs inside the Bowman’s capsule.

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7
Q

path of small substances

A

some will be reabsorbed in renal tubule. Any excess will be eliminated through the collecting duct as urine.

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8
Q

path of large substances

A

such as proteins and blood cells, are too big to pass through the capillary walls and would leave the kidney through the renal vein and return to the blood.

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9
Q

journey through a kidney

A red blood cell

A

Renal artery → glomerulus → capillaries → renal vein

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10
Q

journey through a kidney

A large protein

A

renal artery → glomerulus → capillaries → renal vein

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11
Q

journey through a kidney

A molecule of water that is essential to the body

A

renal artery → glomerulus → capillaries → renal vein

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12
Q

Journey through a Kidney

A molecule of urea (a toxic waste)

A

renal artery → glomerulus → renal tubule → ureter → bladder

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13
Q

Journey through a kidney

A molecule of glucose (sugar)

A

SOME:
renal artery → glomerulus → renal tubule → renal vein
OTHERS:
renal artery →capillaries → renal vein

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14
Q

journey through a kidney

A molecule of water that needs to be removed from the body to keep the water balance right.

A

renal artery → glomerulus → renal tubule → ureter → bladder

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15
Q

Osmosis in the excretory system

A
  • gets waste products out of your blood.
  • get nutrients out of food
  • accounts for fluid transport out of the kidney tubules and the gastrointestinal tract, into capillaries, and across cell membranes.
  • facilitates the diffusion of solutes and water across the semi-permeable membrane thereby maintaining osmotic balance.
  • A high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid outside of the nephron will provide a driving force for osmosis, allowing water to be recovered from the filtrate.
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16
Q

Diffusion in the excretory system

A

- substances that your body can still use get reabsorbed.

  • In order to get water to leave the filtrate through diffusion, the area surrounding the nephron must have a high salt concentration.
17
Q

organs of the excretory system

A
  • skin
  • lungs
  • liver
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
18
Q

skin

A
  • removes excess water, salts, and a small amouny of urea in sweat
  • sweat is released in small amounts and helps maintain constant body temperature
19
Q

lungs

A
  • blood transports carbon dioxide, a waste product made through cellular respiration frm the body cells to the lungs
  • when you exhale, carbon dioxide and a small amount of water vapor are released
  • regulating carbon dioxide levels is important for blood pH
20
Q

liver

A
  • converts toxic nitrogen-based cellular waste from protein breakdown into urea, which is a less toxic compound
  • urea is transported to the blood by the circulatory system to the kidneys for elimination
21
Q

kidneys

A
  • a pair of fist size, bean shaped organs that filter out wastes, excess water, urea, salts, and metabolic waste from the blood
  • inside the kidneys are “processing units” called nephrons, which are responsible for absorbing valuable substances and getting rid of waste in the blood.
22
Q

ureters

A
  • a pair of tubes that transports urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
23
Q

urinary bladder

A
  • stores urine until it is ready to be released through the urethra
24
Q

urethra

A
  • empties the bladder and releases urine outside the kidney
25
Q

functions of the excretory system

A
  • eliminate waste (urea, carbon dioxide) and toxins from the body
  • regulate blood volume and blood pressure
  • regulate blod pH
  • balance body fluids by releasing excess water or holding onto water
  • produce urine
  • regulates the concentration of certain solutes in the blood
26
Q

glucose

A

a sugar that is not usually filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. Individuals with diabetes have too much glucose in their blood.

27
Q

endocytosis

A

cells taking in substances from outside the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle derived from the cell membrane

enveloped viruses can enter a cell by endocytosis

28
Q

exocytosis

A

where cells shift materials, such as waste products, from inside the cell to the extracellular space.

newly made viruses can exit by exocytosis

29
Q

active transport

A
  • needs energy
  • diffusion low –> high
  • the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient.
  • It also occurs in the kidneys
30
Q

Maintaining Homeostasis in the Excretory System

A
  • Nitrogenuos Wastes such as ammonia and urea come from the breakdown of proteins during digestion. Both compounds are toxic to the human body and must be removed from the blood regularly.
  • Kidney control the level of sodium in blood by removing and reabsorbing sodium ions. This helps control the osmotic pressure of the blood.
  • The kidneys also regulate the pH of blood by filtering out hidrogen ions and allowing bicarbonate to be reabsorbed into the blood
  • Glucose is a sugar that is not usuaully filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. Individuals with diabetes have too much glucose in their blood.
31
Q

Urinary System

A

expells urea, keeps glucose and (something)-acids because we need them

32
Q

Path of the Urinary System

A

Bowman’s capsule –> Prximal Tubule –> Lop of Henle –> Distal Convulted Tubule –> Collecting Duct

33
Q

Active Transport in the Kidneys

A

Kidney cells use active transport to move sodium ions, sugar, vitamins, and other nutrients that were filtered out, back into the blood. The molecule movements creates osmotic pressure, so water also moved back into the bloodstream. If you’re dehydrated, most of the water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

Biology 1 (35 decks)

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