Active Learning: The Declarative Pathway Flashcards
(18 cards)
Why is both factual knowledge and higher-order concepts important in active learning?
Neuroscience shows that essential factual information (essential, but sometimes seemingly trivial including definitions and examples) in long-term memory serves as a foundation for conceptual understanding and creative thinking.
What role does retrieval play in learning?
Retrieval involves pulling ideas from long-term memory, which strengthens memory and supports tasks like answering factual questions, explaining concepts, and creative thinking.
What is declarative memory?
It involves facts and events that can be consciously recalled, such as historical facts or equations.
What is procedural memory?
It involves knowing how to do something, like tying shoelaces or solving a math problem, often without conscious thought.
How do declarative and procedural memory complement each other in learning?
They provide two different ways to learn the same concept, enriching students’ understanding.
What are the three fundamental brain parts involved in declarative learning?
Working memory, the hippocampus, and the neocortex.
What is the hippocampus’ role in memory?
It acts as an index, linking information stored in the neocortex and strengthening these links during retrieval.
What happens as memories consolidate in the neocortex?
Working memory can retrieve information directly from the neocortex without the hippocampus’ help.
How long can the hippocampus maintain its linking capacity?
A few months, matching the time needed to consolidate memories in the cortex.
Why are mental breaks important for learning?
Breaks allow the hippocampus to consolidate new learning by strengthening connections in the neocortex.
What impact do rest periods have on memory, according to research?
A 15-minute rest after learning significantly enhances memory compared to immediately switching tasks.
How do even brief moments of rest benefit memory?
They trigger memory-related activity, aiding later test performance.
Why is sleep critical after learning?
Sleep acts as a sealant for newly formed neural connections, making memories stick.
What is BDNF, and why is it important?
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a substance that supports the growth of new dendritic spines, making it easier to form neural connections.
How does regular exercise benefit learning?
It boosts BDNF levels, supports neurogenesis, and helps buffer the negative effects of stress on cognition.
How much exercise is recommended daily for optimal cognitive benefits?
At least one hour of moderate to vigorous activity per day.
How do neural connections change as students first learn a concept?
They are initially disorderly but become simpler and more efficient through consolidation.
