Active immunity

Question 1

Recount how T cells are activated by bacterium indirectly

Answer 1

PAMPs on bacterium meet with TLRs on dendritic cells

Bacterium phagocytosed

Inflammation genes activated in dendritic cell

Cell migrates to lymph node

CD28 receptors on antigen-specific T cell meet with CD80/86 on dendritic cell

Question 2

What types of immunity are B and T cells respectively involved in?

Answer 2

Humoral and cell-mediated

Question 3

What are Immunoglobulins from B lymphocytes also known as?

Answer 3

Antibodies

Question 4

Where are immunoglobulins found on T-cells?

Answer 4

T-cell receptors

Question 5

What two regions make up antibodies/T-cell receptors?

Answer 5

Variable \/ and constant I regions

Question 6

What do the constant regions do?

Answer 6

Define function of the immunoglobulin

Question 7

What do variable regions do?

Answer 7

Bind antigens

Question 8

What does Immunoglobulin G do

Answer 8

Secreted into blood supply and removes pathogens from blood and tissues by binding and recruiting complement leading to pathogen lysis

Question 9

What does Immunoglobulin A do?

Answer 9

Made by B cells in response to infection of mucosal surfaces,

Question 10

What does IgE do?

Answer 10

Secreted into blood supply, binds to receptors on mast cells and eosinophils. Opens sites of parasitic infection to rest of immune system.

Question 11

What determines activity of an immunoglobulin?

Answer 11

The cell it is attached to

Question 12

What do B cells need to make antibodies?

Answer 12

Help from a T-helper cell

Question 13

Can immunoglobulin genes rearrange?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

What aspects of immunoglobulin-coding genes allow for different variable regions?

Answer 14

Varying, repeating regions. Only some are used to make a protein

Question 15

What is determined by the first rearraangement?

Answer 15

Diversity and joining regions (DJ recombination)

Question 16

What is the second rearrangement?

Answer 16

Variable regions

Question 17

Generally what is the term for what provides diversity in the variable region?

Answer 17

VDJ gene rearrangement

Question 18

What does VDJ recombination provide diversity to?

Answer 18

Antibodies and T cells

Question 19

What kind of immunity is gene rearrangement part of?

Answer 19

Adaptive/acquired immunity

Question 20

How is the right t cell selected for the right B cell?

Answer 20

They rearrange radomly, and the right t cell binds to the antigen triggering cell division (clonal expansion)

Question 21

How do B-cells become APCs to recruit T-helper cells?

Answer 21

Gene rearrangements hook variable regions to constant region with a membrane anchor. The antibody cannot leave, and can bnd antigens. B cell receptor. allows phagocytosis of antigen

Question 22

What is the co ligand between an APC B cell and a complimentary T cell

Answer 22

CD40

Question 23

What happens to the B cells if the anchor stays/is lost

Answer 23

Stays: Becomes a Memory cell.
Leaves: Becomes a plasma cell to secrete immunoglobulins

Question 24

What does Interleukin 4 drive

Answer 24

Memory cells

Question 25

What does IL10 drive

Answer 25

Plasma cells

Question 26

What determines if memory or plasma cells form?

Answer 26

The T helper cell releasing the cytokines (interleukins)