Actions_Upper Extremity Flashcards
Trapezius
Upper: elevation of scapula, scapular upward rotation
With insertion fixed: cervical extension (bilateral), capital extension (bilateral), extension and lateral flexion of head and neck to SAME side (unilateral), rotation of head and neck to opposite side (unilateral)
Middle: scapular adduction
Lower: scapular depression, adduction, and upward rotation
Rhomboid Major and Minor
scapular adduction, elevation, and downward rotation
Levator Scapulae
scapular elevation, adduction, and downward rotation, cervical rotation to the SAME side (unilateral), cervical side bending to the same side (unilateral)
assists cervical extension (bilateral)
Serratus Anterior
scapular abduction and upward rotation
Pectoralis Minor
scapular protraction/abduction (Kendall calls it anterior tilt of the scapula)
elevation of ribs in forced expiration when scapula is fixed by levator scapulae
Latissimus Dorsi
shoulder extension, adduction, and IR
- hyperextension of spine (bilateral action with humeral attachment fixed)
- anterior tilt of the pelvis (bilateral action with humeral attachment fixed)
Pectoralis Major
Whole Muscle: shoulder adduction and IR, elevation of the thorax with forced inspiration (with upper extremities fixed)
Upper (clavicular): shoulder IR, flexion, and horizontal adduction
Lower (sternocostal): obliquely adduct shoulder toward opposite hip, shoulder extension from flexed position
Subscapularis
shoulder IR, stabilization of GH joint
Subclavius
depresses and moves clavicle forward
assist shoulder depression
Deltoid
Anterior: shoulder flexion, IR, abduction, and horizontal adduction
Middle: shoulder abduction
Posterior: shoulder extension, ER, abduction, and horizontal abduction
Supraspinatus
shoulder abduction, stabilization of GH joint
Infraspinatus
shoulder ER, stabilization of GH joint
Teres Minor
shoulder ER, stabilization of GH joint
Teres Major
shoulder extension (from a flexed position), shoulder adduction, shoulder IR
Coracobrachialis
shoulder flexion and adduction
Biceps Brachii
shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, supination, stabilization of GH joint
Brachialis
elbow flexion
Triceps Brachii
Whole: elbow extension
Long head: assists shoulder extension and adduction
Brachioradialis
elbow flexion
Anconeus
elbow extension (weak)
Supinator
supination of forearm
Pronator Teres
pronation of forearm
assists elbow flexion
Pronator Quadratus
pronation of forearm
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
wrist extension and radial deviation
assist elbow flexion
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
wrist extension
assist radial deviation
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
wrist extension and ulnar deviation
Flexor Carpi Radialis
wrist flexion and radial deviation
assist elbow flexion and pronation
Palmaris Longus
wrist flexion, tenses palmar fascia
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
wrist flexion and ulnar deviation
assist elbow flexion
Extensor Digitorum
MP extension (digits 2-5)
IP extension in conjunction with the hand intrinsics (digits 2-5); without the intrinsics produces MP hyperextension
assist wrist extension
Extensor Indicis
MP extension of index finger
IP extension in conjunction with the hand intrinsics in the index finger
assist wrist extension
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
PIP flexion (digits 2-5)
assists MP flexion (digits 2-5) and wrist flexion
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
DIP flexion (digits 2-5)
Assists MP and PIP flexion (digits 2-5) and wrist flexion
Extensor Digiti Minimi
little finger MP and IP extension in conjunction with hand intrinsics in the little finger
assist wrist extension
Abductor Digiti Minimi
little finger abduction
assist little finger opposition, may assist little finger MCP flexion and IP extension
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
little finger MP flexion
assist little finger opposition
Opponens Digiti Minimi
little finger opposition
Palmaris Brevis
corrugates skin on the ulnar side of the hand
Lumbricals
MP flexion and simultaneous IP extension
4th lumbrical assists opposition of 5th digit
Dorsal Interossei
MP abduction of index, middle, and ring fingers
Assist MP flexion, IP extension, and thumb adduction (1st DI)
Palmar Interossei
MP adduction of index, ring, and little fingers
Assists MP flexion, IP extension, assist opposition of digit 5 (3rd PI)
Abductor Pollicis Longus
thumb CMC abduction and extension, radial deviation
assist wrist flexion (weak)
Extensor Pollicis Longus
thumb IP extension
assist thumb MP extension, thumb CMC extension, and radial deviation
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
thumb MP extension, CMC extension, and CMC abduction
assist radial deviation and wrist extension
Flexor Pollicis Longus
thumb IP flexion
assist MP flexion, CMC flexion, and wrist flexion
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
thumb MP flexion, CMC flexion
assist thumb opposition
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
thumb CMC abduction, MP abduction
assist thumb opposition and thumb IP extension
Opponens Pollicis
thumb CMC opposition (via simultaneous CMC flexion, abduction, and IR)
Adductor Pollicis
thumb CMC adduction
assist thumb MP adduction and thumb MP flexion
