Actions, states and processes Flashcards
What is semantic roles
conceptual roles and relationships on the discourse stage.
What is an agent?
a typical Agent is the initiator and controller of the action: is conscious, acts with volition (on purpose),
performs an action that has a physical, visible effect, is a
controller of the event
What is a patient?
Patient – an entity that undergoes a visible change in state
EX: Waldo was eaten by the T-rex
What are usually oblique phrases?
Location, Direction, setting pupose, Time and manner and many more are more likely to be expressed as oblique phrases (usally complements of prepositions)
What is force?
An entity that instigates an action, but not consciously or voluntarily.
Ex: Wind is a force in a sentence like; it was wind that formed those rocks.
What is theme?
A participant that moves, or the locus of an action or property that does not undergo a change.. For example; Waldo is the theme in the following clauses;
Waldo fell into the well.
What is an instrument?
Something that causes an action indireckly. Normally an agent acts upon an instrument ant the instrument accomplishes the action.
In this clause the hammer could be an instrument;
I`ll smash it with a hammer
What is an experiencer?
An experiencer netither controls nor is visibly affected by an action. Prototypically an experiencer is an entity that receives a sensory impression.
Waldo is an experiencer in this sentence;
Waldo saw the bicyle
What is a recipient
Typically animate destination of some moving object. “I sent the book to Lucretia”=Lucretia is the recipient
What is a goal
The endpoint of a trajectory of motion.
“I sent the book to France”= France is the goal
