Actions Flashcards
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Head extension Ipsilateral (same side) head rotation
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Head extension at the
neck
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Ipsilateral (same side) head rotation
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Head extension Ipsilateral (same side) head lateral flexion
Anterior Scalene (Scalenus anterior)
Neck flexion, Ipsilateral (same side) neck lateral flexion, Contralateral (opposite side) neck rotation, Elevates 1st & 2nd ribs
Middle Scalene (Scalenus Medius)
Ipsilateral (same side) neck lateral flexion, Elevates 1st & 2nd ribs
Posterior Scalene (Scalenus posterior)
Ipsilateral (same side) neck lateral flexion, Elevates 1st & 2nd ribs
External Intercostals
Elevates the ribs, aiding in normal inspiration
Internal Intercostals
Depresses the ribs, aiding in forced expiration
Subcostals
Depresses the ribs, aiding in normal inspiration
Transversus Thoracis
Draws the ribs downward, aiding in expiration
Diaphragm
Expands the thoracic
cavity; Compresses the
abdominal cavity
Trapezius
Upper - Elevates & upwardly rotates scap (during abduction of humerus above horizontal – lower also contributes) Middle - retracts scap Lower - Depresses scap Bilateral conctraction- extension of neck Uni contraction - laterally flexes head
Lattisimus Dorsi
Adduction of GH Joint
Medial (internal) Rot
Extension of shoulder
from flexed position
Levator Scapulae
Elevates the scapula (medially and upward)
Laterally flexes the neck
Rhomboids (major and minor)
Retraction of scapula
elevates the scapula
Serratus posterior superior
Elevates ribs II to V
Serratus posterior inferior
Depresses ribs IX to XII and may prevent lower ribs from being elevated when the diaphragm contracts Draws the lower ribs backward and downward
Splenius Capitis
Bilateral -
supports the head in the erect position, draw head
backwards, extending neck
Unilateral -
draw & rotate head to one side (turn face to same side)
Splenius Cervicis
Bilateral -
supports the head in the erect position, extend neck
Unilateral -
draw head to one side & slightly rotates it, turning face to same side
Iliocostalis
Cervicis -
extends, laterally flexes, & aids in rotation of the neck
Thoracis -
extends, laterally flexes, aids in rotation of spine
Lumborum -
extends & laterally flexes & aids in rotation of spine, can depress the ribs
Longissimus
Capitis - Bilateral - extend the head Unilateral - bends the head and turns it to face the same side Cevicis - extends and laterally flexes the spine Thoracis - extends and laterally flexes the spine, aids in compression of the ribs
Spinalis
Capitis - extends the head Cervicis - extends the head Thoracis - extends the spine
Semispinalis (all 3)
Bilateral - extend the
vertebral column, drawing head directly backwards
Unilateral -
draws the head to one side & rotates it so that the face is turned to the opposite side
Multifidus
Stabilises the vertebrae in local movements if the vertebral column Bilateral - extend vertebral column Unilateral - laterally flexes and contralaterally rotates vertebral column
Rotores
Extend and rotate the vertebral column (control of posture)
Interspinales
Postural muscles that stabilise adjoining vertebrae during movements of vertebral column Trunk extension (control of posture)
Intertransversarii
Postural muscles that stabilise adjoining vertebrae during movements of vertebral column Trunk lateral (side) flexion (control of posture)
Levatores costarum (Breves & Longi)
Contraction elevates
thoracic cage
Pectoralis Major
Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of arm at GH joint Clavicular head - flexion of extended arm Sternocostal head - extension of flexed arm
Pecotralis Minor
Depresses the scapula (pulls tip of shoulder down) Protracts the scapula Assists in forced inspiration (elevates ribs)
Serratus Anterior
Protracts scapula Upward rotation of scapula (glenoid cavity moves superiorly) Holds scapula close to thoracic the thoracic wall. Elevates ribs when scapula is fixed
Subclavius
Depresses the clavicle down and forward
Deltoid
All heads - abduct the shoulder Anterior - Flexion, Horizontal adduction, Medial rotation of humerus Middle - Abduction of humerus after initial 15° Posterior - Extension, Horizontal Abduction (from 90° back), Lateral rotation
Teres Major
Medial (internal) Rot of humerus
Adduction of GH Joint
Assists in extension of the already flexed shoulder (not hyper extension)
Supraspinatus
Abduction of Glenohumeral joint (1st 15˚ when arm is
adducted at side).
Stabilise head of Humerus in Glenoid Cavity
Infreaspinatus
Lateral (external) rotation of the arm at the GH joint
Stabilises head of Humerus in Glenoid Cavity
Subscapularis
Medial (internal) rotation of the humerus at the GH joint
Prevents anterior displacement of the humerus/ Stabilises head of Humerus in Glenoid Cavity.
Teres Minor
Lateral (external) rotation of the arm at the GH joint
Stabilises head of Humerus in Glenoid Cavity
Assists in adduction of the shoulder
Assists in extension of shoulder (until neutral) when arm is in flexion
Biceps Brachii
Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
Supination of the forearm
Accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
Coracobrachialis
Flexion of the arm at the glenohumeral joint, adduction of arm
Brachialis
Flexion at the elbow (forearm flexion)
Triceps Brachii
Extension at the elbow
Long head can also extend and adduct the arm at the shoulder joint
Anconeus
Assists in elbow extension
Abduction of the ulna in
pronation
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation
Palmaris Longus
Flexes wrist joint; (because the palmar aponeurosis anchors skin of the hand, contraction of the muscle resists shearing forces when gripping)
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Wrist flexion and radial
deviation
Pronator Teres
Pronation
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Wrist and finger flexion Flexes the proximal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring, and little finger Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints of the same fingers Flexes wrist joint
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexes all the interphalangeal joints (distal and proximal), of the index, middle, ring and little fingers. Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints of the same fingers. Flexes wrist joint
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Flexes the interphalangeal joint and the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
Pronator Quadratus
Pronation on hand
Brachioradialis
Accessory flexor of elbow joint when forearm is midpronated
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extend and radially deviates the wrist
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extend and radially deviates the wrist
Extensor Digit Minimi
Extends the little finger
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Ulnar deviates and extends the wrist
Extensor Digitorum
Extends the wrist and all
the fingers as a whole
Abduction of digits 2-5
Supinator
Supination
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Abducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Accessory extensor of the thumb
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb Can also extend the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Abduction of wrist
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extends the interphalangeal joint of the thumb
Can also extend carpometacarpal and
metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb
Abduction of wrist
Extensor Indicis
Extends index finger & wrist
Thenar
- Opponens Pollicis
- Abducutor Pollicis Brevis
- Flexor Pollicis Brevis
1-Medially rotates thumb & opposition of thumb 2-Abducts thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint 3-Flexes thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
Hypothenar
- Opponens Digiti Minimi
- Adbuctor Digiti Minimi
- Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
1-Laterally rotates metacarpal V (opposition of digit 5 – across palm) 2-Abducts little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint 3-Flexes little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
Lumbricals
Flex metacarpophalangeal
joints while extending interphalangeal joints
Dorsal Interossei
Abduction of index, middle, & ring fingers at the
metacarpophalangeal joints
Palmar Interossei
Adduction of the thumb, index, ring, & little fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint
Palmaris Brevis
Improves grip – folds the skin of the ulnar side of the palm
Adductor Pollicis
Adducts thumb
Iliotibial Band (ITB)
The ITB moves anteriorly and posteriorly with knee
flexion and extension
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Stabilises the knee in extension
Abductor & internal rotator of the thigh
Gluteus Minimus
Abducts femur at hip
joint
Holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents
pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking
Medially rotates thigh
Gluteus Medius
Abducts femur at hip
joint
Holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents
pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking
Medially rotates thigh
Gluteus Maximus
Powerful extensor of flexed femur at hip joint
Lateral stabiliser of hip joint and knee joint
Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
Piriformis
Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint (when standing)
Abducts flexed femur at hip joint
Aids in tilting pelvis posteriorly by pulling the sacrum down towards the thigh
Obturator Internus
Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint
Abducts flexed femur at hip joint
Gemellus Superior
Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint
Abducts flexed femur at hip joint
Gemellus Inferior
Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint
Abducts flexed femur at hip joint
Quadratus Femoris
Laterally rotates the femur at hip joint
Psoas Major
Origin fixed - flexor of the thigh/hip
Insertion fixed - flexes the trunk, as in sitting up
Anteriorly tilts the pelvis
Unilateral - assists lateral flexion of the trunk
Iliacus
Fixed Origin - Flexes the
thigh at the hip joint
Fixed Insertion - Flexes
the trunk as in sitting up
Vastus Lateralis
Extends the leg at the knee joint
Vastus intermedius
Extends the leg at the knee joint
Vastus Medialis
Extends the leg at the knee joint
Rectus Femoris
Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends the leg at the knee joint
Sartorius
Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and flexes the leg at the knee joint
Flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
Flexes & medially (internally) rotates the leg at the knee
Pectineus
Adducts and flexes thigh
at hip joint, and laterally rotates thigh
Adductor Magnus
Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
Adductor Longus
Adducts and medially
rotates thigh at hip joint
Adductor Brevis
Adducts and medially
rotates thigh at hip joint
Obturator Externus
Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and stabilises the pelvis
Gracilis
Adducts thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint, medially rotates knee
Biceps Femoris
Flexes leg at knee joint
Extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
Laterally rotates leg at
knee joint
Semitendinosus
Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip
joint
Medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
Semimembranosus
Flexes leg at knee joint
Extends thigh at hip joint
Medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
Tibialis Anterior
Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint
Inversion of foot
Dynamic support of medial arch of foot
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extension of great toe, Inversion and dorsiflexion of foot
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot at the ankle
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
Eversion and plantarflexion of foot; supports arches of foot
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
Plantar flexes and eversion (pronate) of foot
Gastrocnemius
Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
Plantaris
Flexes the knee and assists plantar flexion of foot
Soleus
Plantarflexes the foot
Popliteus
Unlocks and flexes the
knee
Stabilises knee joint (resists lateral rotation of tibia on femur)
Unlocks knee joint (laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia)
Tibialis Posterior
Inversion & plantarflexion of foot; Support of medial arch
of foot during walkin
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexes lateral four toes,
Inversion and plantarflexion of the foot
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexes great toe
Inversion and plantarflexion of the foot
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extension of toes II to IV
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Extension of metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe
Abductor Hallucis
Medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve S1, S2, S3
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Flexes lateral four toes at proximal interphalangeal joint
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Abducts and flexes little toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint
Quadratus Plantae
Assists flexor digitorum longus tendon in flexing toes II to V
Lumbricals
Flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint & extension of interphalangeal joints, PIP and DIP
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Flexes metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the great toe
Adductor Hallucis
Adducts great toe at
metatarsophalangeal joint
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Flexes little toe at
metatarsophalangeal joint
Dorsal Interossei
Flexes MTPs joints
Extends PIP & DIP joints
1st mms draw digit 2 medialward, towards digit 1
2nd mms draw digit 1
lateralward
3rd & 4th mms draw the 3rd and 4th digit in the
same direction
Plantar Interossei
Adduct the 3rd, 4th & 5th digits
Flexors the MTPs joints
Extends the PIP joints & the DIP joints
External Oblique
Bilateral -
Compresses abdomen and flexes the trunk (slight)
Unilateral -
each mms bends trunk to the same side (lateral flexion
trunk to same side), turning anterior part of abdomen to opposite side (rotates trunk to opposite side)
Internal Oblique
Bilateral -
compresses abdominal viscera and flexes the trunk (slight)
Unilateral -
laterally flexes and rotates the spine to the same side
Transversus Abdominus
Compress abdominal
contents
Tenses abdominal wall
Rectus Abdominus
Compress abdominal viscera Flexes vertebral column (trunk) Tense abdominal wall
Pyramidalis
Tenses the linea alba
Quadratus Lumborum
Depresses rib 12
Unilateral -
raises (elevates) pelvis, helps with lumbar spine lateral flexion, and acts as a major stabiliser of the lumbar spine
Psoas Minor
Weak flexor of trunk
(weak flexion of lumbar
vertebral column)
Thoraco lumbar fascia (TLF)
The TLF is a critical part of a myofascial girdle that surrounds the lower portion of the torsi, playing a role in stabilisation (assists in supporting the vertebral column when it is flexed by developing fascial tension that helps control the abdominal wall) and load transfer (integrating load transfer between different regions)
