Actions Flashcards
FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS
Flexion of first phalanx of the great toe at the MTP joint. The medial and lateral head of the muscle also produce abduction and adduction of the first phalanx respectively.
QUADRATUS PLANTAE
This muscle aligns the pull of the flexor digitorum longus into pure flexion and assists the flexor digitorum longus in flexing the lateral four digits.
Quadratus Lumborum
Lateral flexion and hip hiking unilaterally, extension bilaterally and depression of the 12th rib.
This muscle can be responsible for unilateral hip height discrepancy.
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexion of the great toe, plantar flexion of the foot, helps to support the longitudinal arch of the foot and inversion of the foot.
Lumbar Paraspinals – Iliocostalis Lumborum and Lx and Sx Multifidus
Iliocostalis Lumborum primary function is to maintain the spine in an erect posture. It also performs extension of the spine, ipsilateral lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation.
Multifidus primary function is to stabilise the vertebral column. It also performs contralateral rotation within the thoracic and cervical spine and aids in resisting flexion in the lumbar spine.
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS
Extension of 2nd-4th toes.
ABDUCTOR HALLICIS
Flexion and abduction of the great toe
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexion of the lesser toes, weak plantar flexion of the ankle and inversion of the foot
Gluteus Maximus
Powerful extension of the hip joint, such as running, jumping, stair climbing and rising from a seated position.
Helps maintain an erect posture and assists in lateral rotation of the hip joint.
The upper fibres are involved in abduction of the hip joint.
Gluteus Medius
As a whole, the muscle is the most powerful abductor of the thigh.
The anterior fibres assist with medial rotation of the thigh.
Gluteus medius steadies the pelvis on the leg when the opposite leg is raised.
Gluteus Minimus
Primarily medial rotation of the hip
Assists with abduction
Pelvis stability when walking
Piriformis
Laterally rotates the hip and abducts the hip when the hip is flexed. Steadies the femoral head in the acetabulum
Iliopsoas
Primarily flexes the hip, lateral rotation of the hip, also assists with trunk flexion and tilting the pelvis anteriorly
Tensor Fascia Latae
This muscle abducts, medially rotates and assists in flexion of the knee and hip.
It also helps control movement during the stance phase of gait and assists gluteus minimus and medius in stabilising the pelvis.
The lower fibres may assist with stabilisation of the knee.
Sartorius
Hip flexion and external rotation, knee flexion
Rectus Femoris
Hip flexion and knee extension
Vastus Lateralis
Extension of the knee
Vastus Medialis
Knee extension
Biceps Femoris
Hip extension (long head only), flexion and lateral rotation of the knee, with the long head also assisting in lateral rotation at the hip when the hip is extended.
Semitendinosus
Flexion of the knee, hip extension, internal rotation of the flexed knee.
Semimembranosus
Flexion of the knee, hip extension, internal rotation of the flexed knee.
Adductor Longus & Brevis
Adducts thigh, and also partially flexes thigh (adductor portion), extension of the hip (hamstring portion)
Adductor Magnus
Proximal attachment: Inferior ramus of the pubis, ramus of the ischium and the ischial tuberosity.
Distal attachment: Medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle of the femur.
Pectineus
Adduction, flexion and internal rotation of the thigh.
Gracilis
Adduction, medial rotation of hip, knee flexion,
Gastrocnemius
Plantar flexion and weak knee flexor
Soleus
Plantar flexion of the ankle, assists inversion of the foot, provides ankle stability.
This muscle is an important stabiliser of the ankle.
Peroneus Longus
Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot
Peroneus Brevis
Eversion of the foot, control of foot movement and plantar flexion of the ankle
Tibialis Anterior
Dorsiflexion of the ankle and inversion of the foot
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Both the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus are buried under the edge of tibialis anterior. They are hard to locate by isolated contraction, but not impossible.
Palpate for extensor hallicus longus trigger points half way between the knee and the ankle just to the lateral side of the tibia.
To contract and differentiate this muscle, extend the large toe and the tendon is easily visible on the dorsal aspect of the foot between the tendons of tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus.
