Action Representation Flashcards
Explain Decety 1989.
Chronometry study, timing of individuals to actually walk 5, 10 and 15m correlated almost perfectly with visualised time of them walking the same distance
Explain mental rotation studies
Sheppard and Metzler 1971. mentally rotate 3D shapes, to judge is A the same as B. Found that the further the shape had to be rotated, the longer the response time, suggesting ps were visually rotating the shape.
Kosslyn 1998 argued that this task does not engage motor areas of the brain - fMRI
Give HLRT studies.
Parsons multiple HLRTs found that med rotation, especially of palm and wrist view, was faster RT than lateral.
laterality balance - RH people beter at judging RHimages, no such diff with LH people.
for palm and wrist view, time to move actual wrist into position is same as mental rotation time
How does posture effect HLRTs?
Parsosn- further away actual hand is from image, increases RT
Shenton, if participants in palm up position, judge palm up images faster than in palm down
Ionta - tying hands behind back leads to slower RT for all orientations and views.
Posture does not affect visual rotation in shape task
Explain Bourne 2006 study.
DVFP. Screen split in half, giving RVF and LFV. either a real word or fake word presented to either FV. Demonstrated that when word is in the RVF so presented to left hemisphere first, faster at judging if it is a real word or not.
explain DVFPs in HLRTs
Parsons 1998 presented hands to one vf or the other. hypothesis: recognise hand contralateral to hemisphere presented to fatser. Healthy controls = no sig. dif.
Tomasino and Rumiarti 2004 - instructed patients to try and elicit either motor or visual rotation found tah twhen using mental rotation med was fatser than lat. when using visual rotation there was no sig. dif. Also that LHBD patients are less accurate when using motor rot. and RHBD patients are less accurate when using visual rotation, Double dissociation.
Explain Brass 2000
Brass 2000 - 3rd person view of hand, cued by number 1 to lift index and number 2 to lift middle finger. At the same time view the image of the hand lifting congruent or incongruent finger. Congruent much faster, due to conflict between “internally” generated plan, and externally generated plan, response cant happen until the conflict is resolved.
Explain Kilner 2003
P draw a horizontal or vertical line in the air, under 4 conditions, HC, HI, RC or RI or Control. measured variance in the line drawn. no dif between HC, RC, RI or control, signif more variance in HI. Problem: robots can 100% vert ot horiz.
Explain Press 2005
P always open hand at cue (truely internal plan). at cue also see human or robot hand open or close. human open led to 29ms faster opening time than human clos . less pronounced in robot condition.
what happens when fingers are restrained.
1st person view, observed some fingers restrained some not. when promted to lift fingers, slower to lift restratined fingers than unrestrained.
Give evidence for mirror neurons in humans
TMS on 4 muscles, 3 used in action. 3 fired when observing, when action changed to only use 2, only 2 fired.
125 fMRI studies meta analysis found areas of the brain that fire for completing and observing an action (crit: doesnt fit original definition in monkey stuies of the same neuron).
Mukamel 2010 - single neuron recording in 21 epilepsy patients, they do exists in humans.
give studies for the innate or learned associations argument for MNs.
Tongue and lip protisions in babys - rizzolatti.
Aglioti 2008 - elite basketball players, expert observers and controls, in - out shots and soccer kicks.
Calvo-merino 2005 - ballet capoeria and control
retraining of MNs observe hand lift but loft foot.
