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A&P 1 > Action Potentials- Under Construction > Flashcards

Action Potentials- Under Construction Flashcards

1
Q

Synapse

A

The site of transmission from the pre-synaptic neuron to post-synaptic neuron. Can be electrical or chemical.

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2
Q

Presynaptic Neurons

A

The neuron before the synapse/synaptic cleft

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3
Q

Dendrites

A

Small projects from the cell body of a neuron that receive incoming signals from other neurons and relay them to the cell body.

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4
Q

Postsynaptic Neurons

A

The neuron after the snapse/synaptic cleft

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5
Q

Soma (Cell Body)

A

The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and is the site of metabolic activity. Most NTs are synthesized here.

NT = neurotransmitter

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6
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Part of the cell body of a neuron that connects to the axon.

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7
Q

Muscurinic receptors

A

ACh G protien coupled receptprs broadly expressed in the CNS

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8
Q

Nicotinic receptors

A

ACh receptor found in the CNS and at neuromuscular junctions (open channels allowing flux of Na+, CA2+, and K+)

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9
Q

Temporal summation

A

a single presynaptic neuron rapid-fires singals to a postsynaptic neuron

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10
Q

Spatial summation

A

Signals come from multiple presynaptic neurons

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11
Q

Resting membrane potential of large neruon

A

-90

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12
Q

Voltage at which action potential occurs

A

-55

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13
Q

Potassiums “buddy” in the cell

A

phosphate

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14
Q

During depolarization in what configuration are the Na+ channel gates

A

Activation gate - open
Inactivation gate - open

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15
Q

During repolarization in what configuration are the Na+ channel gates

A

Activation gate - open
Inactivation gate - closed

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16
Q

During rest in what configuration are the
Na+ channel gates

A

Activation gate - closed
Inactivation gate - open

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17
Q

during rest and depolarization in what configuration is the
K+ channel gate

A

closed

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18
Q

during repolarization in what configuration is the
K+ channel gate

A

open

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19
Q

What causes Vescicles to attach and exocitose neurotransmitters

A

Calcium

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20
Q

Nernst potential for Cl-

A

-90mV

21
Q

Nernst potential for K+

A

-94mV

22
Q

Nernst potential for Na+

A

+61mV

23
Q

K+ efflux is how many times greater than Na+ influx

A

20 to 100 x

24
Q

Goldman Hodgkin Katz

A

concentration gratient and membrane permeability of Na+, K+, and Cl-

25
Q

Nernst Potential

A

the potential level across a membrane that will exactly prevent net diffusion of an ion in either direction

26
Q

According to the Goldman Hodgkin Katz equation sodium brings the membran potential value to what value

A

-86mV (leak channels)

27
Q

Na+K+ATPase pump creates additional electonegativity of how much

A

-4mV

28
Q

Membrane potential can change based on what

A

the size, location, and type of nerve fiber

29
Q

the Na+K+ATPase pump pushes Na+ against

A

its concentration gradient and electrical gradient

30
Q

the Na+K+ATPase pump pushes K+ against

A

its concentration gradient

31
Q

the Na+K+ATPase pump exchanges:

A

3 Na+ out and 2 K+in

32
Q

Potential energy

A

can change the state of other objects around it

33
Q

Intracellular Cations

A

K+ and Mg++

34
Q

Intracellular Anions

A

Phosphate, Protein

35
Q

Extracellular Cations

A

Na+ and Ca++

36
Q

Extracellular Anions

A

Cl- and HCO3-

37
Q

Diffusion potential

A

The difference between the concnetration inside (Ci) and the concentration outside (Co)

38
Q

What is a volt?

A

determines how fast the electrons will travel through a circuit

39
Q

Cell membrane as a capacitor

A

charges are equal within membrane everywhere except lined up along the inside (-) and outside (+) of cell membrane (this can be switched through the movement of + and - ions)

40
Q

Period during which another action potential cannot happen

A

absolute refractory period

41
Q

Period during which antoher action potentil would be difficult but not impossible to stimulate

A

relative refractory period

42
Q

Triad of resons for ionic movment once an AP has been initiated

A

1: Voltage gated channels
2: leak channels
3: Na+K+ATPase pump

43
Q

At threshold, the activation gate opens: Na+ rushes in, as permeability is increased:

A

500 to 5000 times

44
Q

When does the Na+ inactivation gate reopen after an action potential

A

once the resting membrane potential has been reached again

45
Q

Why does decreased Ca++ lead to ectopy

A

Ca+ is thought to bind to Na+ channel proteins increasing the voltage required to open the channels and invoke APs. Without Ca+ binding exitability happens easily

46
Q

2 tests to diagnose hypocalcemia

A

Chvostek’s sign
Trousseau’s Sign

47
Q

EMF

A

Electromotive force

48
Q

Propagation of AP? what direction?

A

Bi-directional

49
Q

Each nerve can send how many inpuses before loosing enough ions to cease to function

A

100,000 to 50,000,000

A&P 1 (10 decks)

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