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PTY1016 FOP 1 > Action, Innervations & Attachments - Shoulder/Scapula Region > Flashcards

Action, Innervations & Attachments - Shoulder/Scapula Region Flashcards

1
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Proximal attachment: (1) Upper border of manubrium (sternum); (2) Upper border of clalvicle

Distal attachment: Mastoid process of temporal bone & superior nuchal line of occipital bone

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2
Q

The sternocleidomastoid is innervated by which nerve?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (XI) C1-C3

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3
Q

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Bilaterally: flexes neck

Unilaterally:
- contralaterally rotates neck
- ipsilaterally laterally flexes neck
- extends head & neck

Note: Contralaterally: having to do with opp side; Ipsilaterally: same side

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4
Q

How to achieve strong activation of sternocleidomastoid muscle for palpation?

A
  • Head is rotated to one side
  • resistance is given to lateral flexion of the head to the opp side

Basically, ask patient to look to (e.g.) left, then look down, the sternocleidomastoid muscle will pop out

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5
Q

What do the erector spinae consist of?

A

From medial to lateral (closest to the spine to furthest from spine)

  1. Spinalis
  2. Longissimus
  3. Iliocostalis

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis ?

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6
Q

Where are the attachments of the erector spinae?

A

Spinous processes, transverse processes, posterior ribs

From occiput to sacrum & ilium

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7
Q

The erector spinae is innervated by which nerves?

A

Many dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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8
Q

What is the action of the erector spinae?

A

Bilaterally: Extends spine

Unilaterally: Ipsilaterally laterally flexes & rotates spine

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9
Q

How to palpate the erector spinae?

A
  • Observe & palpate in the lower thoracic & lumbar area (bc rhomboids & trapezius cover thoracic erector spinae)
  • Patient in prone, instruct to extend the thoracolumbar spine (basically back extension)
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10
Q

Where is the proximal and distal attachments of the rectus abdominis?

A

Proximal attachment: Xiphoid process (sternum) & adjacent costal cartilages

Distal attachment: Pubic bones, near symphysis pubis

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11
Q

The rectus abdominis is innervated by which nerves?

A

Ventral portions of intercostal nerves T5-T12

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12
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

A

Flexes trunk

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13
Q

Where is the proximal and distal attachments of the external abdominal oblique?

A

Proximal attachment: Anterolateral ribs

Distal attachment: Aponeurosis to the linea alba, iliac crest

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14
Q

The external abdominal oblique is innervated by which nerves?

A

Lower intercostal nerves T7-T12

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15
Q

What is the action of the external abdominal oblique?

A

Bilaterally: Flexes trunk without rotation

Unilaterally:
Contralateral rotates
Ipsilaterally laterally flexes trunk

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16
Q

How to palpate the external abdominal obliques?

A

Patient supine
Attempt to sit up (flex trunk) with contralateral rotation (Side crunch)

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17
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the serratus anterior?

A

Proximal attachment: Anterior & superior aspects of 1st to 8th ribs

Distal attachment: Anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

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18
Q

The serratus anterior is innervated by which nerves?

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

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19
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

A

Protracts & upwardly rotates scapula

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20
Q

How to palpate the serratus anterior?

A
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21
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the trapezius?

A

Proximal attachment: Medial one-third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T12

Distal attachment: Posterior border of lateral one-third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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22
Q

The trapezius is innervated by which nerve?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (C3-C4 and spinal portion of cranial nerve XI)

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23
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

Upper fibers: Elevates & upwardly rotates scapula; extends, laterally flexes, and contralaterally rotates neck (scapula protraction)

Middle fibers: Upwardly rotates & adducts scapula
(scapula retraction)

Lower fibers: Upwardly rotates, adducts, and depresses scapula
(scapula depresson)

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24
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the rhomboids major and minor?

A

Proximal attachment: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T5

Distal attachment: Vertebral (medial) border of scapula

25
Q

The rhomboids major and minor are innervated by which nerve?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

26
Q

What is the action of the rhomboids major and minor?

A

Elevates, retracts, and downwardly rotates scapula

27
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the levator scapulae?

A

Proximal attachment: Transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae (C1-C4)

Distal attachment: Superior angle of scapula, extending slightly down on the vertebral (medial) border of the scapula

28
Q

The levator scapulae is innervated by which nerve?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C3-C5)

29
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevates and downwardly rotates the scapula;
extends, laterally flexes;
ipsilaterally rotates the cervical spine

30
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

A

Proximal attachment: 3rd to 5th ribs

Distal attachment: Coracoid process of scapula

31
Q

The pectoralis minor is innervated by which nerve?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C7-T1)

32
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

A

Depresses and anteriorly tilts the scapula; elevates ribs 2 to 5

33
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres minor
  4. Subscapularis
34
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the supraspinatus?

A

Proximal attachment: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Distal attachment: Superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus

34
Q

The supraspinatus is innervated by which nerve?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

35
Q
A
36
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus?

A

Abducts the glenohumeral (GH) joint

37
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the infraspinatus?

A

Proximal attachment: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Distal attachment: Middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus

38
Q

The infraspinatus is innervated by which nerve?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

39
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatus?

A

Lateral rotation and adduction of the GH joint

40
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the teres minor?

A

Proximal attachment: Axillary (lateral) border of scapula

Distal attachment: Inferior (posterior) facet on greater tubercle of humerus

41
Q

The teres minor is innervated by which nerve?

A

Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

42
Q

What is the action of the teres minor?

A

Lateral rotation and adduction of the GH joint

43
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the subscapularis?

A

Proximal attachment: Subscapular fossa of scapula

Distal attachment: Lesser tubercle of humerus

44
Q

The subscapularis is innervated by which nerve?

A

Subscapular nerve (C5-C6)

45
Q

What is the action of the subscapularis?

A

Medial rotation of the GH joint

46
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Proximal attachment: Spinous processes of T6 downward, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lower ribs 9-12, and inferior angle of scapula

Distal attachment: Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

47
Q

The latissimus dorsi is innervated by which nerve?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

48
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Medially rotates, extends, and adducts the GH joint; depresses scapula; elevates pelvis

49
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the teres major?

A

Proximal attachment: Inferior angle of scapula

Distal attachment: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

50
Q

The teres major is innervated by which nerve?

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)

51
Q

What is the action of the teres major?

A

Medially rotates, adducts, and extends the GH joint

52
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the deltoid?

A

Proximal attachment: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Distal attachment: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

53
Q

The deltoid is innervated by which nerve?

A

Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

54
Q

What is the action of the deltoid?

A

Anterior fibers: Flexes and horizontally adducts GH joint

Middle fibers: Abducts GH joint

Posterior fibers: Extends and horizontally abducts GH joint

55
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the pectoralis major?

A

Proximal attachment: Medial half of clavicle (clavicular head) and costocartilages of 2nd to 6th ribs and sternum (sternocostal head)

Distal attachment: Lateral lip of the bicipital groove of humerus

56
Q

The pectoralis major is innervated by which nerves?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)

57
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major?

A

Clavicular head: Adducts, medially rotates, and horizontally adducts GH joint; flexes GH joint

Sternocostal head: Adducts, medially rotates, and horizontally adducts GH joint; extends GH joint from a fully flexed position

PTY1016 FOP 1 (16 decks)

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