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Microbiology > ACTINOMYCOSIS & Subcutaneous Mycoses > Flashcards

ACTINOMYCOSIS & Subcutaneous Mycoses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A group of filamentous branching gram-positive organisms ?

A

Actinomycetes

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2
Q

 Nocardia  Streptomyces

Actinomadura?

A

Aerobic actinomycetes:

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3
Q

Actinomyces ?

A

Anaerobic actinomycetes:

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4
Q

It is a chronic suppurative abscess leading to scarring & disfigurement
?

A

Actinomycosis

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5
Q 
Actinomyces israelii  (anaerobic actinomycetes)
 Normal flora of the mouth, GIT & vagina

Causative organism of?

A

Actinomycosis

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of infection:

endogenous
-initiated by local trauma →
introduction of the organisms into the underlying tissues
“anaerobic conditions”→ the organism invades the tissues
→ grow in microcolonies

The lesion begins as a hard red non-tender swelling that
develops slowly & becomes filled with pus, and ruptures to
the surface discharging pus (inflammatory sinuses)  Spreads laterally draining pus through sinuses.  The pus contains small firm yellow granules (sulphur granules)

?

A

Actinomycosis

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7
Q

sulphur granules ? typical diagnostic sign”

Of?

A

Actinomycosis

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8
Q

Actinomycosis

 Clinical forms: ? And they affect ? Associated with?

A
  1. Cervicofacial infection “lumpy jaw” 50%
    •Affects face, neck & mandible
    •Usually associated with tooth extraction/ bad oral hygeine
    /trauma to the mouth or jaw. 2- Abdominal:
    • Affects caecum, appendix
    • Associated with trauma/ surgery 3- Pelvic: usually associated with intrauterine devices “IUD”.
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9
Q

Microscopic examination:
Filamentous branching Gram-positive bacilli
?

A

Actinomycosis

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10
Q

Actinomycosis

 Laboratory diagnosis: ?

A

The “ sulphur granules are crushed and subjected to:
1. Microscopic examination:
Filamentous branching Gram-positive bacilli
2. Culture
“molar tooth” • Anaerobic conditions appearance on agar.
• at least 2 weeks.

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11
Q

Treatment of Actinomycosis

A

Surgical drainage of pus + Antibiotics (4-6 weeks)

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12
Q

 Fungal infections of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and

bone?

A

Subcutaneous Mycoses

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13
Q

Subcutaneous Mycoses

Causative organisms

A

reside in the soil OR

decaying and living vegetation

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14
Q

Subcutaneous Mycoses

Almost always acquired through

A

acquired through traumatic lacerations of
the skin / puncture wounds
→ introduction of the organism into the tissues

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15
Q

Occupational hazard in farmers, gardeners, mine workers

?

A

Subcutaneous Mycoses

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16
Q

Confined to tropical & subtropical regions  Difficult to treat & surgical intervention is frequently
employed.
>?

A

Subcutaneous Mycoses

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17
Q

Examples of Subcutaneous Mycoses

?

A

Sporotrichosis

2. Mycetoma “ Madura Foot”

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18
Q

Causative organism:

“Sporothrix schenckii” ?

A

Sporotrichosis

19
Q

dimorphic fungus
Farmers, gardeners, florists, miners
(Has a yeast form
“cigar shaped yeast” in infected tissue and a filamentous form in the environment/ lab culture media incubated at 30⁰C
 Broad geographical distribution
?

A

Subcutaneous Mycoses 1. Sporotrichosis

20
Q

Found in soil, on vegetation ; rose. ?

A

Sporotrichosis

21
Q

occupational disease of

Farmers, gardeners, florists, miners

A

Sporotrichosis

22
Q

Pathogenesis s:
 Acquired through trauma (e.g., a thorn)
 Characterized by a slowly developing small painless
nodule at the puncture site (develop 1-12 weeks after
the trauma)→ progress to a granulomatous ulcer
(local multiplication of the organism producing both pyogenic & granulomatous inflammation)
Mostly self-limited, but may persist in a chronic
form
 May disseminate to distant sites in AIDS patients

A

Sporotrichosis

23
Q

May produce secondary lesions along the draining
lymphatics
?

A

Sporotrichosis

24
Q

Diagnosis of Sporotrichosis?

A

Specimen: Pus & tissue biopsy  Microscopic examination: usually negative  Culture

25
Q

Treatment of Sporotrichosis?

A

Antifungal

26
Q

neglected tropical disease

A

Mycetoma “ Madura foot”

27
Q

 It is an infection associated with trauma usually to the foot
causing inoculation of causative soil micro-organisms
typically in “barefooted” individuals

A

Mycetoma “ Madura foot”

28
Q

Mycetoma “ Madura foot”

Distributed worldwide but are “endemic” in tropical and subtropical areas in the ?

A

Mycetoma belt

29
Q

Pathogenesis:
 Typically associated with “ trauma” that inoculate the
causative organism which are found in soil /on vegetation, usually on thorns/wood splinters → localized destructive subcutaneous chronic granulomatous disease of skin, subcutaneous
tissue, fascia and bones → massive deformity & disability.
 Can be fatal
(2ry bacterial infection & septicemia)

A

Mycetoma

30
Q
  1. Mycetoma
     Clinical presentation:
    ?
A

t usually affects the foot & rarely the hands & buttocks  A triad of
 Painless ‎subcutaneous mass
 Multiple draining sinuses
 Discharge ‎containing
“ grains”.
(compacted microcolonies of the organism)
The color of the grains depends on the causative
organism
 Many patients present late with advanced infection
where amputation may be the only available
treatment.

31
Q

 Causative organism: “Soil organisms” 1. Actimycetes (Actimycotic mycetoma) 60% 2. True Fungi (Eumycotic mycetoma?

A

Mycetoma

32
Q

Actimycetes ?

A

Actimycotic mycetoma

33
Q
  1. True Fungi?
A

Eumycotic mycetoma

34
Q

Actinomycotic mycetoma usually respond to ?

A

antibiotics

35
Q

fungal mycetoma needs ?

A

surgical treatment up to amputation

36
Q

Fungal:

e.g.  Madurella mycetomatis  Madurella grisea  Allescheria boydii

A

Eumycotic Mycetoma

37
Q

Mainly black & white

Color of grains

A

Eumycotic Mycetoma

38
Q

Bacterial: e.g.  Actinomadura madurae  Nocardia brasiliensis  Streptomyces
somaliensis

A

Actinomycotic Mycetoma

39
Q

May be pink / red /white culprit of grains

A

Actinomycotic Mycetoma

40
Q

Mycetoma
 Diagnosis:
?

A
  1. Specimen:
    Surgical tissue biopsy & Sinuses discharge.
  2. Microscopic examination 3. Culture
41
Q

-Thick fungal hyphae spores?

-Thin fragmented filaments of actinomycetes?
Microscopic Examination

A
  1. Eumycotic Mycetoma
  2. Actinomycotic mycetoma
42
Q

Culture
On SDA? blood agar,
aerobic & anaerobic

A

Eumycotic /Actinomycotic

Mycetoma

43
Q

Chemotherapy

No / poor response
Needs surgical treatment & may be amputation.

Effective

A

Eumycotic /Actinomycotic

Mycetoma

Microbiology (6 decks)

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