ACT Elective Flashcards
refers to the physical actions of a person reflective of his behaviors.
Human Behavior
Human Behavior in organizations is referred to as
Organizational Behavior
Defined as the study of human behavior in organization
Organizational Behavior
Three goals of OB
- To explain behavior
- To predict behavior
- To control behavior
Four Elements of OB
- People
- Environment
- Structure
- Technology
consisting of individual persons and groups
People
defines the formal relationship of people
Structure
combination of resources, knowledge, and techniques
Technology
forces outside the organization that affect its performance
Environment
The 4 benefits of studying OB
- Development of people skills
- Personal growth
- Enhancement of organizational and individual effectiveness
- Sharpening and refinement of common sense
Two human relations approach in OB
- Scientific Management
- Human Relations
3 personality theories in OB
- Freud’s Model
- Behaviorist Approach
- Humanist Approach
a well-known disciple of the scientific management movement
Frederick W. Taylor
conducted Hawthorne studies; effect of social environment; concluded that social interaction is a factor for increased productivity
Elton Mayo
believed that people are motivated by more than conscious; believed that irrational motives in the subconscious mind
Sigmund Freud
formulated the theory about learned behavior
J.B. Watson
revised J.B. Watson’s theory
B.F. Skinner
a person can be trained to behave according to the trainer’s wish; includes positive and negative stimulus
Behaviorist Approach
focused on the person as an individual instead of a rigid methodology
Carl Rogers
contributed Gestalt psychology in the humanist approach
Fritz Perls
people should acquire their own values and attitutes; everyone works together towards growth and development
Humanist Approach
espouses the idea of developing toward the ultimate achievement of human potential
Abraham Maslow
The highest point in Maslow’s model
Self-Actualization
refers to the set of moral choices a person makes
Ethics
moral principles that define right or wrong in organizations
Organizational Ethics
behavior that is accepted as morally good and right as opposed to bad and wrong
Ethical Behavior
4 factors that constitute right and wrong behavior
- Public
- Interest Groups
- Personal Morals and Values
- Organizations
conflict exists when a person is in the position of interest of the organization and personal interests
Conflict of Interest
ethical behavior demands beyond obeying the law, and not knowingly harm customers, clients, and competitors
Fairness and honesty
organizations that provide false and misleading info
Communication
people can become victims of organizations that provide misleading info
Relationships within the organization
refer to the variation in how people respond to the same situation
Individual Differences
3 Reasons why people are different from each other
Demographics, Aptitute and Ability, Personality
The differences in perception of male and female roles
Gender Differences
workers from different generations behave differently
Generational and Age-Based Differences
refers to the learned and shared ways of thinking and acting among a group of people
Culture
refers to the social environment of human-created beliefs, customs, knowledge and practices
Social Culture
the set of values, beliefs, and norms shared among members of an organization
Organizational Culture
defined as the capacity of the person to learn or acquire skills
Aptitude
an individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job
Ability
capacity of an individual to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength
Physical Abilities
capacity to do mental activities such as thinking, reasoning, and problem solving
Mental Abilities
exert muscular force
Dymanic Strength
exert muscle strength
Trunk Strength
exert force against external objects
Static Strength
expend a maximum of energy
Explosive Strength
move the trunk and muscles as far as possible
Extent Flexibility
make rapid, repeated flexing movements
Dynamic Flexibility
coordinate the simultaneous actions of the different parts of the body
Body Coordination
maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off
Balance
continue maximum effort requiring prolonged effort over time
Stamina
refers to the capacity of a person to acquire and apply knowledge including solving problems
Cognitive Intelligence
refers to a person’s ability to relate effectively with others
Social Intelligence
understanding one’s own feelings, empathy for others, and regulation of emotions
Emotional Intelligence
ability to interpret someone’s unfamiliar and ambigious behavior
Cultural Intelligence
involves the menral processes used in thinking
Componential Intelligence (Analytical)
required for imagination and combining things in novel ways
Experiential Intelligence (Creative)
requires adapting to, selecting, and shaping the environment; street smarts
Contextual Intelligence (Practical)
who is the proponent of the Multiple Intelligences theory?
Howard Garner
sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others
Personality
factors determined at conception
Hereditary Factors
those that exert pressures on the formation of an individuals personality
Environmental Factors
established norms, attitudes, and values that are passed along from one generation to the nexy
Cultural Factors
reflect family life, religion, and many kinds of formal and informal groups
Social Factors
an individual will behave differently in different situations
Situational Factors
