Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology LAB > Act 8-15 > Flashcards

Act 8-15 Flashcards

1
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides
Common name:
Habitat:
Infective stage:
Mode of Transmission:
Specimen for Diagnosis:
Treatment of choice:

A

Common name: Giant round worm
Habitat: Small intestine
Infective stage: Embryonated egg
Mode of Transmission: Fecal-oral route
Specimen for Diagnosis: Stool sample
Treatment of choice: Albendazole and mebendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Enumerate the different layers of an Ascaris lumbricoides fertilized corticated egg (from outer to inner part).

A

Albumoid layer, hyaline layer and vitelline membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Loeffler’s syndrome? What specific organ is affected by the parasite in this condition?

A

It is a respiratory condition caused by helminths such as Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis. This syndrome affects the lungs of the host.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does the local government address the problem on STH? Enumerate some programs that are proposed for the prevention of this parasitic infection.

A
  • Chemotherapy
  • Mass Drug Administration (MDA)
  • Deworming
  • Use of anthelminthics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Trichuris trichiura
Common name:
Habitat:
Infective stage:
Mode of Transmission:
Specimen for Diagnosis:
Treatment of choice:

A

Common name: Whipworm
Habitat: Cecum and colon
Infective stage: Embryonated egg
Mode of Transmission: Fecal-oral route
Specimen for Diagnosis: Stool sample
Treatment of choice: Mebendazole and albendazole (alternative drug)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain why Trichuris trichiura parasite can co-infect and co-exist with Ascaris lumbricoides.

A

Co-infect
- They are both transmitted through fecal-oral routes and have similar requirements for becoming infectious (embryonated egg).

Co-exist
- This two organism inhabit/occupy different part of the host’s intestine, thus, they don’t need to compete for nutrients and can easily co-exist. Trichuris trichiura can be found in the small intestine while Ascaris lumbricoides are present in the large intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the mechanism by which Trichuris trichiura brings about anemia.

A

Due to severe infection in the colon and rectum, it causes long term blood and nutritional loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of the bipolar mucus plugs of Trichuris trichiura?

A

It protect the egg and aid its release from the host.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

• Lemon or football-shaped
• Hyaline polar plug at each end
• Has a yellowish outer and transparent inner shell.

A

Trichuris trichiura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Enterobius vermicularis
Common name:
Habitat:
Infective stage:
Mode of Transmission:
Specimen for Diagnosis:
Treatment of choice:

A

Common name: Pinworm/seatworm/society worm
Habitat: Cecum and adjacent portions of the small and large intestine
Infective stage: Embryonated egg
Mode of Transmission: Fecal-oral route
Specimen for Diagnosis: Perianal cellulose tape swab
Treatment of choice: Mebendazole, albendazole and pyrantel pamoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why Enterobius vermicularis is also called a “society worm”? Explain.

A

Because they cannot be controlled through sanitary disposal of human feces. They are present in fingernails, underwear, night clothes, blankets, and bed sheets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Discuss why Enterobius vermicularis is least diagnosed by stool examination.

A

Because the eggs are laid in the perianal area rather than the intestinal lumen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Male parasites of Enterobius vermicularis usually die after _________ while female parasites usually die after __________.

A

copulation
egg deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

• Asymmetrical, one side is flattened and the other side is convex.
• The translucent shell consist of an outer triple albuminous covering (mechanical protection).
• Has inner embryonic lipoidal membrane (chemical protection).
• Contains tadpole like embryo

A

Enterobius vermicularis egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Necator americanus
Common name:
Habitat:
Infective stage:
Mode of Transmission:
Specimen for Diagnosis:
Treatment of choice:

A

Common name: New world hookworm
Habitat: Small intestine of humans
Infective stage: Filariform larva
Mode of Transmission: Skin penetration
Specimen for Diagnosis: Stool sample
Treatment of choice: Albendazole and Mebendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ancylostoma caninum
Common name:
Habitat:
Infective stage:
Mode of Transmission:
Specimen for Diagnosis:
Treatment of choice:

A

Common name: Old world hookworm
Habitat: Small intestine of animals (dog)
Infective stage: Filariform larva
Mode of Transmission: Skin penetration
Specimen for Diagnosis: Stool sample
Treatment of choice: Albendazole and Mebendazole

17
Q

Why is hookworm speciation difficult to do in stool examination? Explain.

A

Because both of their eggs have similar bluntly rounded ends and single thin transparent hyaline shell.

18
Q

Why are human hookworms capable of causing anemia?

A

Hookworms cause small wounds in the small intestine and lead to continuous loss of blood.

19
Q

What is Harada-Mori technique? Give its diagnostic significance.
(Hookworms)

A

The Harada-Mori technique is a culture method that enables larvae to hatch from eggs on filter paper strips that have one end submerged in water. For an accurate diagnosis, this method is important for species identification.

20
Q

Identify the dental pattern of the following hookworms:
Necator americanus:
Ancylostoma caninum:

A

Necator americanus: One pair of semilunar cutting plates
Ancylostoma caninum: Two pairs of curved central teeth

21
Q

• Bluntly rounded ends
• Has a single thin transparent hyaline shell.
• Unsegmented at oviposition
• Two to eight cell stage of division
• Smooth shell

A

Egg of hookworms

22
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis
Common name:
Habitat:
Infective stage:
Mode of Transmission:
Specimen for Diagnosis:
Treatment of choice:

A

Common name: Threadworm
Habitat: Duodenal and upper jejunal regions of small intestine
Infective stage: Filariform larva
Mode of Transmission: Skin penetration
Specimen for Diagnosis: Duodenal aspirate and serology
Treatment of choice: Albendazole, thiabendazole and ivermectin

23
Q

What is parthenogenesis? How is it important in the propagation of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Parthenogenesis is an asexual reproduction process in which males are not necessary for the development of the embryo. It is important in the propagation of Strongyloides stercoralis as it allows them to easily divide, sustain their life cycle and spread within the host.

24
Q

In what aspect does Strongyloides stercoralis similar to hookworms? Enumerate and briefly discuss their similarities and differences.

A

They both use soil to develop in the environment and infect through skin penetration.

25
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti
Vector:
Specimen for diagnosis:

A

Vector: Culex mosquito
Specimen for diagnosis: Blood

26
Q

Brugia malayi
Vector:
Specimen for diagnosis:

A

Vector: Mansonia, Anopheles, Aedes
Specimen for diagnosis: Blood

27
Q

Loa loa
Vector:
Specimen for diagnosis:

A

Vector: Chrysops species
Specimen for diagnosis: Blood

28
Q

Onchocerca volvulus
Vector:
Specimen for diagnosis:

A

Vector: Blackfly (Simulium species)
Specimen for diagnosis: Skin snip

29
Q

Mansonella ozzardi
Vector:
Specimen for diagnosis:

A

Vector: Culicoides and Blackflies (Simulium species)
Specimen for diagnosis: Blood

30
Q

Dipetalonema perstans
Vector:
Specimen for diagnosis:

A

Vector: Culicoides
Specimen for diagnosis: Blood

31
Q

Enumerate some preventive measures advocated by the Department of Health in controlling lymphatic filariasis in the Philippines.

A

Hygiene education program
Mass drug administration (MDA) activities,
Personal protective measures (mosquito net)

32
Q

Give the three diagnostic tests for filariasis

A
  • Knott’s Concentration Technique
  • Membrane Millipore Technique
  • Immunochromatographic technique
33
Q

Cephalic space: shorter
Distribution of nuclei over the body: discontinuous
Terminal nuclei: absent

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

34
Q

Cephalic space: longer
Distribution of nuclei over the body: continuous
Terminal nuclei: present

A

Brugia malayi

35
Q

Enumerate some locally found fish known to be an intermediate host for Capillaria philippinensis.

A

Hypseleotris bipartita (bagangan)
Chonophorus melanocephalus (bukto, biyang bato)
Ambassis miops (bagsang)
Eleotris Melanosoma (birut)
Sicyopterus sp. (ipon)
Poecilia reticulata (guppy).

36
Q

What are some Filipino practices that may subject an individual to risk of acquiring capillariasis?

A
  • Eating raw fish
  • Washing of fecal contaminated bedsheet in lagoons
  • Improper disposal of human waste
37
Q

She discovered the first proven case of capillariasis

A

Nelia Salazar

38
Q

Why is human infection considered the “dead end” infection for Trichinella spiralis?

A

Because infective larvae are usually encysted in the muscle fibers and unable to exit the human host

39
Q

Enumerate control measures in the prevention of trichinosis

A
  • Proper freezing and cooking of meat
  • Regular animal monitoring

Parasitology LAB (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions