Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAPHY LAB (FINALS) > Act 13 B - Cardiovascular Physiology > Flashcards

Act 13 B - Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The period of time that begins with contraction of the atria and ends with ventricular relaxation is known as the _____

A

cardiac cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The period of contraction that the heart undergoes while it pumps blood into circulation is called _____

A

systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The period of relaxation that occurs as the chambers fill with blood is called _____

A

diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Enumerate the progression of the cardiac cycle

A

The cardiac cycle begins with atrial systole and progresses to ventricular systole, atrial diastole, and ventricular diastole, when the cycle begins again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

One of the simplest, yet effective, diagnostic techniques applied to assess the state of a patient’s heart is _____

A

auscultation using a stethoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The two audible heart sounds In a normal, healthy heart

A

S1 and S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_____ is the sound created by the closing of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction

A

S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normally described as a “lub,” or first heart sound

A

S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____ is the sound of the closing of the semilunar valves during ventricular diastole

A

S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Described as a “dub”

A

S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

S1 is described as ___ while S2 is described as ___

A

lub, dub

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False
In both S1 and S2, as the valves close, the openings within the atrioventricular septum guarded by the valves will become reduced, and blood flow through the opening will become more turbulent until the valves are fully closed

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The ____ heart sound or __ is rarely heard in healthy individuals. It may be the sound of blood flowing into the atria, or blood sloshing back and forth in the ventricle, or even tensing of the chordae tendineae.

A

third, S3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_____ may be heard in youth, some athletes, and pregnant women.

A

S3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If this heart sound is heard later in life, it may indicate congestive heart failure, warranting further tests

A

S3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Some cardiologists refer to the collective S1, S2, and S3 sounds as the ____ because they mimic those produced by a galloping horse

A

Kentucky gallop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The _____ heart sound or _____, results from the contraction of the atria pushing blood into a stiff or hypertrophic ventricle, indicating failure of the left ventricle.

A

fourth, S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or False
S4 occurs after S1

A

False
S4 occurs prior to S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The collective sounds S4, S1, and S2 are referred to by some cardiologists as the “_____” because of their similarity to the sound produced by a galloping horse with a different gait.

A

Tennessee gallop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A few individuals may have both S3 and S4, and this combined sound is referred to as _____

A

S7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The term _____ is used to describe an unusual sound coming from the heart that is caused by the turbulent flow of blood.

A

murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Murmurs are graded on a scale of __ to __

A

1 to 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_____ can be used to record both normal and abnormal sounds using specialized electronic stethoscopes

A

Phonocardiograms or auscultograms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It represents the tactile arterial palpation of the cardiac cycle by trained fingertips

A

Pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2 types of Blood Pressure Readings

A

Systolic blood pressure
Diastolic blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The pressure when the heart beats.

A

Systolic blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The pressure on the blood vessels when the heart muscle relaxes.

A

Diastolic blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Two methods of measuring blood pressure

A

Direct method
Indirect method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The criterion standard consists of using an intra-arterial catheter to obtain a measurement.

A

Direct method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Involves collapsing the artery with an external cuff, providing an inexpensive and easily reproducible way to measure blood pressure.

A

Indirect Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Blood pressure is measured in units of:

A

millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

32
Q

The readings of blood pressure are always given in what pairs?

A

the upper (systolic) value and the lower (diastolic) value

33
Q

_____ increases blood flow into the right side of the heart and may increase the amplitude of right-sided heart murmurs.

A

Inhalation

34
Q

_____ partially restricts blood flow into the left side of the heart and may amplify left-sided heart murmurs.

A

Expiration

35
Q

True or False
During auscultation, it is not a common practice for the clinician to ask the patient to breathe deeply.

A

False
This procedure not only allows for listening to airflow, but it may also amplify heart murmurs.

36
Q

The action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis.

A

Auscultation

37
Q

he pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as ___

A

the neck, wrist, at the groin, behind the knee, near the ankle joint, and on foot.

38
Q

Normal systolic blood pressure

A

less than 120

39
Q

Normal diastolic blood pressure

A

less than 80

40
Q

High blood pressure (no other heart risk factors) systolic blood pressure

A

140 or higher

41
Q

High blood pressure (no other heart risk factors) diastolic blood pressure

A

90 or higher

42
Q

Palpation of the _____ would also form part of this systematic examination (to identify abdominal aortic aneurysms for example).

A

abdominal aorta

43
Q

Other sites may be examined for pulses, in special circumstances. The _____ may be examined for tenderness in temporal arteritis

A

temporal artery

44
Q

Other sites may be examined for pulses, in special circumstances. The _____ may be examined if the radial cannot be felt or before arterial access at the radial site

A

ulnar artery

45
Q

True or False
Some recommend avoiding palpation with the thumb (misinterpreting your own radial pulse pulsating in the examiner’s thumb).

A

True

46
Q

Palpate the artery wall with the tips of the ___ and ____ fingers.

A

index and middle

47
Q

True or False
However, others contend that kinaesthetic sensitivity is better in the thumb to detect pulse character in (carotid artery and brachial artery particularly).

A

True

48
Q

Identify the qualities or characteristics of the pulse by asking:

A

What is the pulse rate?
What is the pulse rhythm?
What is the character of the pulse?

49
Q

True or False
With every beat of the heart, it pumps blood into the large blood vessels of the circulatory system.

A

True

50
Q

True or False
As the blood moves around the body, it does not put pressure on the walls of the vessels

A

False

51
Q

The pressure while the heart muscle is contracting (squeezing) and pumping oxygen-rich blood into the blood vessels.

A

Systolic blood pressure

52
Q

The first and higher number measures pressure inside your arteries when the heart beats.

A

Systolic blood pressure

53
Q

Always lower than the systolic pressure

A

Diastolic blood pressure

54
Q

The second and lower number measures the pressure inside the artery when the heart rests between beats.

A

Diastolic blood pressure

55
Q

someone who has a reading of 132/88 mmHg (often spoken “132 over 88”) has a systolic blood pressure of __ and diastolic blood pressure of __

A

132, 88

56
Q

The ____ is the criterion standard and consists of using an intra-arterial catheter to obtain a measurement.

A

direct method

57
Q

It is used more commonly in the intensive care or operative settings.

A

Direct Method

58
Q

This method, however, is not practical due to its invasiveness and its inability to be applied to large groups of asymptomatic individuals for hypertension screening.

A

Direct Method

59
Q

The _____ involves collapsing the artery with an external cuff, providing an inexpensive and easily reproducible way to measure blood pressure.

A

indirect method

60
Q

The indirect method is also called

A

Noninvasive

61
Q

True or False
The direct method can be performed using a manual cuff and sphygmomanometer, a manual cuff and doppler ultrasound, or with an automated oscillometric device.

A

False
The indirect method can be performed using a manual cuff and sphygmomanometer, a manual cuff and doppler ultrasound, or with an automated oscillometric device.

62
Q

True or False
The automated method requires auscultation of the blood pressure, whereas the manual system depends on oscillometric devices.

A

False
The manual method requires auscultation of the blood pressure, whereas the automated system depends on oscillometric devices.

63
Q

True or False
With manual blood pressure measurements, both observer and methodological errors can occur.

A

True

64
Q

True or False
Automated oscillometric devices remove the observer errors that can occur with manual measurementsand are without faults.

A

False
Automated oscillometric devices remove the observer errors that can occur with manual measurements but are not without faults.

65
Q

High blood pressure readings are also labeled by categories, ranging from ___ to ___

A

normal, crisis

66
Q

High blood pressure (with other heart risk factors, according to some providers) systolic blood pressure

A

130 or higher

67
Q

High blood pressure (with other heart risk factors, according to some providers) diastolic blood pressure

A

80 or higher

68
Q

Dangerously high blood pressure, systolic blood pressure

A

180 or higher

69
Q

Dangerously high blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure

A

120 or higher

70
Q

An instrument for measuring blood pressure, typically consisting of an inflatable rubber cuff which is applied to the arm and connected to a column of mercury next to a graduated scale, enabling the determination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure by increasing and gradually releasing the pressure in the cuff

A

Sphygmomanometer

71
Q

The cardiac cycle:

A
  1. Isovolumetric Relaxation
  2. Ventricular Filling
  3. Atrial Contraction
  4. Isovolumetric Contraction
  5. Ventricular Contraction
  6. Ventricular Ejection
72
Q

Ventricular Diastole - early

A

Isovolumetric Relaxation

73
Q

Ventricular Diastole - late

A

Ventricular filling

74
Q

Atrial Systole begins

A

Atrial Contraction

75
Q

Ventricular Systole - First Phase

A

Ventricular Contraction

76
Q

Ventricular Systole - Second Phase

A

Ventricular Ejection

ANAPHY LAB (FINALS) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions