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ANAPHY LAB (FINALS) > Act 13 A - The Heart > Flashcards

Act 13 A - The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is located in the _____, the cavity between the lungs.

A

mediastinum

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2
Q

True or False

The heart is tilted so that its pointed end, the apex, points downward toward the RIGHT hip, while the broad end, the base, faces upward toward the LEFT shoulder.

A

False

The heart is tilted so that its pointed end, the apex, points downward toward the LEFT hip, while the broad end, the base, faces upward toward the RIGHT shoulder.

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3
Q

The pointed end of the heart is the _____

A

apex

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4
Q

The broad end of the heart is the _____

A

base

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5
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium

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6
Q

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium

A

epicardium

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7
Q

The muscular part of the heart that consists of contracting cardiac muscle and non contracting Purkinje fibers that conduct nerve impulses

A

myocardium

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8
Q

Cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes) are in this layer

A

myocardium

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9
Q

The thin, smooth, endothelial, inner lining of the heart, which is continuous with the inner lining of the blood vessels

A

endocardium

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10
Q

What are the four heart chambers?

A

Left/Right atrium and ventricle

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11
Q

It receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium via right atrioventricular orifice and sends it to lungs via pulmonary trunk.

A

Right Ventricle

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12
Q

It receives deoxygenated blood from the body via superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.

A

Right Atrium

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13
Q

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins

A

Left Atrium

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14
Q

It receives oxygenated blood from left atrium via left atrioventricular orifice and sends it to body via aorta

A

Left Ventricle

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15
Q

The atrioventricular valve that prevents backflow of blood from RV to RA

A

Tricuspid

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16
Q

The atrioventricular valve that prevents backflow of blood from LV to LA

A

Mitral

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17
Q

The semilunar valve that prevents backflow of blood from Aorta to LV

A

Aortic

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18
Q

The semilunar valve that prevents backflow of blood from Pulmonary trunk to RV

A

Pulmonic

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19
Q

The central opening of a blood vessel

A

Lumen

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20
Q

The lumen is surrounded by a wall consisting of three layers:

A

Tunica intima (Interna), Tunica media, Tunica adventitia (Externa)

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21
Q

_____ is the inner layer facing the blood.

A

tunica intima

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22
Q

_____ is composed of an innermost layer of endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) surrounded by variable amounts of connective tissues.

A

tunica intima

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23
Q

_____ is the middle layer

A

tunica media

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24
Q

______ is composed of smooth muscle with variable amounts of elastic fibers

A

tunica media

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25
Q

______ is the outer layer

A

tunica adventitia

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26
Q

_____ is composed of connective tissue

A

tunica adventitia

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27
Q

Tunica intima is composed of _____

A

an innermost layer of endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) surrounded by variable amounts of connective tissues

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28
Q

Tunica media is composed of _____

A

smooth muscle with variable amounts of elastic fibers

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29
Q

Tunica adventitia is composed of _____

A

connective tissue

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30
Q

The cardiovascular system consists of three kinds of blood vessels that form a closed system of passageways:

A

Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins

31
Q

_____ carry blood away from the heart.

A

Arteries

32
Q

The three kinds of arteries are:

A

elastic, muscular, arterioles

33
Q

Elastic arteries are _____ arteries

A

conducting arteries

34
Q

_____ are the largest arteries and include the aorta and other nearby branches

A

Elastic arteries

35
Q

The _____ of elastic arteries contains a large amount of elastic connective tissue, which enables the artery to expand as blood enters the lumen from the contracting heart.

A

tunica media

36
Q

Muscular arteries are _____

A

conducting arteries

37
Q

_____ branch from elastic arteries and distribute blood to the various body regions

A

Muscular arteries

38
Q

_____ are small, nearly microscopic blood vessels that branch from muscular arteries

A

Arterioles

39
Q

_____ regulate the flow of blood into capillaries by vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

A

Arterioles

40
Q

Arterioles regulate the flow of blood into capillaries by _____ and _____

A

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

41
Q

_____ are microscopic blood vessels with extremely thin walls.

A

Capillaries

42
Q

Only the ______ is present in the walls capillaries, and some walls consist exclusively of a single layer of _____

A

tunica intima, endothelium

43
Q

_____ penetrate most body tissues with dense interweaving networks called capillary beds

A

Capillaries

44
Q

_____ are the blood vessels between arterioles and venules.

A

Metarterioles

45
Q

Metarterioles are also called

A

precapillaries

46
Q

The tail end of the metarteriole that connects to the venule and lacks smooth muscle.

A

thoroughfare channel

47
Q

_____ form the bulk of the capillary bed. They branch away from a metarteriole at its arteriole end and return to merge with the metarteriole at its venule end (thoroughfare channel).

A

True capillaries

48
Q

The _____ regulates blood flow through the capillary.

A

precapillary sphincter

49
Q

The three types of true capillaries are:

A

continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal

50
Q

_____ have continuous, unbroken walls consisting of cells that are connected by tight junctions.

A

Continuous capillaries

51
Q

_____ have continuous walls between endothelial cells, but the cells have numerous pores (fenestrations) that increase their permeability.

A

Fenestrated capillaries

52
Q

These capillaries are found in the kidneys, lining the small intestine, and in other areas where a high transfer rate of substances into or out of the capillary is required.

A

Fenestrated capillaries

53
Q

_____ have large gaps between endothelial cells that permit the passage of blood cells.

A

Sinusoidal capillaries

54
Q

These capillaries are found in the bone marrow, spleen, and liver.

A

Sinusoidal capillaries

55
Q

_____ carry blood toward the heart.

A

Veins

56
Q

The three kinds of veins are:

A

Postcapillary venules, Venules, and Veins

57
Q

____ are the smallest veins, form when capillaries merge as they exit a capillary bed.

A

Postcapillary venules

58
Q

Veins that are very porous, but with scattered smooth muscle fibers in the tunica media

A

Postcapillary venules

59
Q

_____ form when postcapillary venules join. Although the walls of larger venules contain all three layers, they are still porous enough to allow white blood cells to pass.

A

Venules

60
Q

_____ have walls with all three layers, but the tunica intima and tunica media are much thinner than in similarly sized arteries.

A

Veins

61
Q

Many veins, especially those in the limbs, have valves, formed from folds of the tunica intima that prevent the backflow of blood. If these valves fail to close properly, _____ may occur.

A

varicose veins

62
Q

These veins have few elastic or muscle fibers present and the wall consists primarily of a well‐developed tunica adventitia.

A

Veins

63
Q

_____ is the organ that develops and implants in the mother’s womb (uterus) during pregnancy.

A

placenta

64
Q

the unborn baby

A

fetus

65
Q

The unborn baby is connected to the placenta by the _____

A

umbilical cord

66
Q

All the necessary nutrition, oxygen, and life support from the mother’s blood goes through the placenta and to the baby through _____

A

blood vessels in the umbilical cord

67
Q

The closure of the _____ and _____ completes the transition of fetal circulation to newborn circulation

A

ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale

68
Q

Actual connection between the placenta and embryo, and later the fetus

A

Umbilical Cord

69
Q

Formation of the placenta

A

Placentation

70
Q

Area where the cord was attached becomes covered by a thin layer of skin, and forms a scar tissue

A

Umbilicus

71
Q

Capillaries penetrate most body tissues with dense interweaving
networks called

A

capillary beds

72
Q

Circulating blood bypasses the lungs and liver by flowing in different
pathways and through special openings called

A

shunts

73
Q

This enriched blood flows through the umbilical vein toward the baby’s liver. There it moves through a shunt called

A

ductus venosus

74
Q

In a fetal heart, most of the blood flows across to the left atrium through a shunt called the

A

foramen ovale

ANAPHY LAB (FINALS) (3 decks)

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